Engaging Pakistan

Engaging Pakistan examines the role of British and American public diplomacy in Pakistan. It focuses on case studies located in two periods (1955-1964 and 2008-2012) during which there was both intense public diplomacy activity and increasing public hostility, particularly towards the United States. Putting forth this juxtaposition of the two periods, the study provides an opportunity for a fine-grain analysis to contribute to wider theoretical and comparative studies of public diplomacy as well as provide valuable empirical material. The author argues that limitations in the effectiveness of public diplomacy arise whenever foreign audiences perceive that a state's foreign policy actions are illegitimate and inconsistent with its publicly proclaimed values. US unreliability in the 1960s and unilateralism four decades later undermined its soft power, despite the successes of individual public diplomacy initiatives. Anti-Americanism in Pakistan is usually linked with the aftermath of 9/11, but this volume will reveal that public mistrust stretched as far back as the 1960s. The Pakistani public trusted Britain far more, so that even when unpopular policies were adopted, there was not such a steep decline in its standing. Despite less funding, UK public diplomacy initiatives operated in a more favourable environment than that of the United States. The book focuses on five main areas of public diplomacy activities that generate soft power, namely, communication/information activities, educational exchanges and assistance, volunteering, cultural performances and exhibitions and high-profile visitors' public engagement. These activities are examined in case studies from either a single time frame or covering both periods. A pioneering study of British and American public diplomacy in Pakistan in the early Cold War and later post-9/11 eras, this book will be of interest to researchers on Modern South Asia, international relations, public diplomacy and diplomatic history, as well as those interested in wider subjects ranging from Cold War studies to sports history.

Ian Talbot is Emeritus Professor in the History of Modern South Asia at the University of Southampton (UK), where he was formerly Head of the History Department, Director of the School of Humanities Graduate Research and Founding Director of the Centre for Imperial and Post-Colonial Studies. He is the author of The History of British Diplomacy in Pakistan (Routledge 2021) and co-editor, with Amit Ranjan, of Urban Development and Environmental History in Modern South Asia (2022), also published by Routledge.

Introduction 1. Landscapes: The Institutional, Political and Media Environment for British and American Public Diplomacy in Pakistan 2. Across the Airwaves: BBC and Voice of America Broadcasting in Pakistan 3. Telling the Story: Libraries, Librarians, Books 4. Passage to Pakistan: Goodwill Visits, 1959-1962 5. All You Need is Love: The Peace Corps in Pakistan 1961-1964 6. The Duke and the Bard: The Cultural Diplomacy of Jazz and Shakespeare in Ayub's Pakistan 7. Education's Role in British Public Diplomacy in Pakistan during the New Labour and Coalition Governments, 2001-2015 8. Moving the Needle: Hillary Clinton's Public Diplomacy in Pakistan Conclusion