Interactive Graphics in CAD

In a society in which the use of information technology is becoming commonplace it is natural that pictures and images produced by elec­ tronic means should be increasing in importance as a means of com­ munication. Computer graphics have only recently come to the atten­ tion of the general public, mainly through animated drawings, advertise­ ments and video games. The quality of the pictures is often such that, unless informed of the fact, people are unaware that they are created with the help of computers. Some simulations, those developed in con­ nection with the space shuttle for example, represent a great and rapid progress. In industry, computer graphic techniques are used not only for the presentation of business data, but also in design and manufacture processes. Such computer-assisted systems are collectively represented by the acronym CAX. In CAD/CAM (computer-assisted design/manufacture), interactive graphic techniques have attained considerable importance. In CAD/CAM systems a dialogue can be established between the user and the machine using a variety of easy to operate communication devices. Due to the recent developments in hardware and software (for modelling, visual display, etc), a designer is now able to make decisions based on the information presented (plans, perspective drawings, graphics, etc) with the help of interactive, graphic techniques. These constitute the most visible and perhaps most spectacular aspect of CAD/CAM systems.

1 The role of graphics in computer-assisted design/manufacture.- 1.1 Design procedures.- 1.2 Graphics and CAD/CAM.- 1.3 Graphic processes in CAD/CAM.- 2 Components of a CAD/CAM system.- 2.1 General points.- 2.2 Hardware.- 2.3 Software.- 3 Geometric modelling.- 3.1 General points.- 3.2 Two-dimensional modelling.- 3.3 Three-dimensional modelling.- 3.4 Communication between systems.- 3.5 Use of models.- 3.6 Conclusions.- 4 Visualization techniques.- 4.1 Different types of graphic representation.- 4.2 Comprehension graphics.- 4.3 Communication graphics.- 5 Dialogue techniques.- 5.1 General points.- 5.2 Elementary techniques.- 5.3 Functional aspects.- 5.4 Construction graphics.- 6 Applications.- 6.1 Client plan of a ball-race.- 6.2 Design and manufacture of wooden shutterings.- 6.3 Installation of a drainage system.- 6.4 Electronics design.- 6.5 Design of circuit-breaker mechanisms.- 6.6 Architectural design.- 6.7 Structural installation.- 6.8 Studies relating to the construction of power stations.- 6.9 Design and production of automobile body-work.- 6.10 Design of turbines.- 7 The Finite element method.- 7.1 General points.- 7.2 Applications in structural analysis.- 7.3 The solution procedure.- 7.4. The role of interactive graphics.