Microscale Testing in Aquatic Toxicology

Bioassays are among the ecotoxicologist's most effective weapons in the evaluation of water quality and the assessment of ecological impacts of effluents, chemicals, discharges, and emissions on the aquatic environment. Information on these assessment aids is needed throughout the international scientific and environmental management community. This comprehensive reference provides an excellent overview of the small-scale aquatic bioassay techniques and applications currently in use around the world. This special volume is the result of several years of collaboration between Environment Canada and Fisheries and Oceans Canada. Internationally recognized research scientists at many institutions have contributed to this state-of-the-art examination of the exciting, environmentally important field of microscale testing in aquatic toxicology. Microscale Testing in Aquatic Toxicology contains over forty chapters covering relevant principles, new techniques and recent advancements, and applications in scientific research, environmental management, academia, and the private sector.

Peter G. Wells (Environment Canada, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada) (Edited by) , Kenneth Lee (Edited by) , Christian Blaise (Environment Canada) (Edited by)

PART ONE: INTRODUCTION Microscale Testing in Aquatic Toxicology: Introduction, Historical Perspective, and Context, C. Blaise, P.G. Wells, and K. Lee PART TWO: MICROSCALE TESTING AT VARIOUS BIOLOGICAL AND PHYLOGENETIC LEVELS Biochemical Assays Immunoassays: Applications for the Aquatic Environment, A. Dankwardt, S. Pullen, and B. Hock Environmental Applications with Submitochondrial Particles, H.W. Read, J.M. Harkin, and K.E. Gustavson Bioassays to Measure MFO Inducers in Effluents, P.V. Hodson, J. Sherry, and J. Parrott Enzyme Inhibition for Examination of Toxic Effects in Aquatic Systems, U. Obst, A. Wessler, and M. Weigand-Rosinus Tissue Culture Assays Sponge Cells and Tissue as Biological Monitors of Aquatic Pollution, W.E.G. Müller and I.M. Müller The Use of Fish Cells in the Toxicological Evaluation of Environmental Contaminants, F. Denizeau In Vitro Assays for Detection of Non-Genotoxic Carcinogens, M.J. Durand, V. Cruciani, S. Alexandre, J.C. Hoflack, H. Bessi, C. Blaise, and P. Vasseur Bacteria Microbial Enzyme Assays for the Detection of Heavy Metal Toxicity, G. Bitton and J.L. Morel ATP-TOX System - A Review, H.H. Xu Luminescent Bacterial Biosensors for the Rapid Detection of Toxicants, S.F. Briscoe, J. Cai, and M.S. DuBow Stress-Responsive Luminous Bacteria for Toxicity and Genotoxicity Monitoring, S. Belkin Microtox® Toxicity Test Systems - Where They Stand Today, A. Qureshi, A.A. Bulich, and D. Isenberg Microtox® Toxicity Test System - New Developments and Applications, B.T. Johnson Measurement of Microbial Exoenzyme Activity in Sediments for Environmental Impact Assessment, K. Lee and K.L. Tay Small-Scale In Vitro Genotoxicity Tests for Bacteria and Invertebrates, P.D. Hansen and A. Herbert Microalgae Recent Advances in Toxicity Test Methods Using Kelp Gametophytes. B.S. Anderson, J.W. Hunt, and W. Piekarski Microplate Toxicity Tests with Micro-Algae: A Review, C. Blaise, J.-F. Férard, and P. Vasseur Ecophysiological Considerations in Microalgal Toxicity Tests, C. Nalewajko and M.M. Olaveson Development and First Validation of a "Stock-Culture Free" Algal Microbiotest: The Algaltoxkit, G. Persoone Protozoa Ciliated Protozoa as Test Organisms in Toxicity Assessments, G.L. Gilron and D.H. Lynn Development of a Protozoan Chemoattraction Inhibition Assay for Evaluating Toxicity of Aquatic Pollutants, S.G. Berk and R.O. Roberts Ciliate Microbiotest Applications: Metal Contaminants in Water and Soil, J.R. Pratt, D.G. Mochan, and N.J. Bowers Invertebrates Utility and Practical Considerations for In Vitro Developmental Toxicity Testing: Hydra and FETAX Assays, E.M. Johnson Microscale Bioassays for Corals, M. Branton The Use of Larvae and Small Species of Polychaetes in Marine Toxicological Testing, D. J. Reish Development of a Canadian Marine Toxicity Test for Whole Sediment Using Cultured Spionid Polychaetes, P. Pocklington and K.G. Doe Microscale Toxicity Testing with Rotifers, T.W. Snell and C.R. Janssen Recent Advances in Microscale Toxicity Testing with Marine Mollusks, J.W. Hunt, B.S. Anderson, and B.M. Phillips Development and Validation of Toxkit Microbiotests with Invertebrates, in Particular Crustaceans, G. Persoone Death by Mud: Amphipod Sediment Toxicity Tests, P.M. Chapman Physiological Dysfunction in Estuarine Mysids and Larval Decapods with Chronic Pesticide Exposure, C.L. McKenney Teleosts and Amphibians Aquatic Testing with Early Life Stages of Killifish, J.S. Weis and P. Weis Genetoxicity in Fish Embryos, A. Herbert and P.-D. Hansen Genotoxicity Tests in Amphibians: A Review, V. Ferrier, L. Gauthier, C. Zoll-Moreux, and J. L'Haridon Multi-Trophic Assessment in Practice Marine and Estuarine Porewater Toxicity Testing, R.S. Carr Correspondence of a Microscale Toxicity Test to Responses to Toxicants in Natural Systems, J. Cairns, B.R. Niederlehner, and E.P. Smith Role of Microbiotests in Contaminated Sediment Assessment Batteries, P. Ross PART THREE: VALIDATION, APPLICATIONS, AND TRAINING WITH MICROSCALE TESTING The Influence of Particle Size, Ammonia, and Sulfide on Toxicity of Dredged Materials for Ocean Disposal, K.L. Tay, K.G. Doe, A.J. MacDonald, and K. Lee Oil Spill Treating Agents: Present Knowledge and Toxicity Testing Needs, A.J. Mearns The Development, Validation, and Analysis of Salmonella Mutagenicity Test Methods for Environmental Situations, L.D. Claxton Investigating the Sources and Fate of Genotoxic Substances in Aquatic Ecosystems with the SOS Chromotest, P.A. White and C. Cóté The Development and Application of Sediment Toxicity Tests for Regulatory Purposes, M.G. Nipper PART FOUR: THE FUTURE - RESEARCH CHALLENGES Microscale Testing in Aquatic Toxicology: Conclusions and Future Directions, K. Lee, P.G. Wells, and C. Blaise Glossary Indexes