Remembering the Liberation Struggles in Cape Verde

Remembering the Liberation Struggles in Cape Verde: A Mnemohistory takes as its reference from the anti-colonial struggles against the Portuguese colonial empire in Africa in the 1960s and 1970s and the ways this period has been publicly remembered. Drawing on original and detailed empirical research, it presents novel insights into the complex entanglements between colonial pasts and political memories of anti-colonialism in shaping new nations arising out of liberation struggles. Broadening postcolonial memory studies by emphasising underdeveloped research cases, it provides the first comprehensive research into how the liberation struggle is memorialised in Cape Verde and why it changes over time. Proposing an innovative approach to thinking about this historical event as a political subject, the book argues that the "struggle" constitutes a mnemonic device mobilised while negotiating contemporaneous representations related to the Cape Verdean nation, state and society. As such, it will appeal to scholars of history, sociology, anthropology and politics with interests in memory studies and public memory, postcolonialisms and African studies. The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.

Miguel Cardina is a permanent researcher at the Centre for Social Studies of the University of Coimbra, Portugal. He is a European Research Council (ERC) grantee with the project CROME - Crossed Memories, Politics of Silence. The Colonial-Liberation Wars in Postcolonial Times. His publications include books, book chapters and journal articles on colonialism, anticolonialism, the colonial wars and liberation struggles in Portugal and Africa; political ideologies in the 60s and 70s; and the dynamics between history and memory. Inês Nascimento Rodrigues is a researcher at the Centre for Social Studies of the University of Coimbra, Portugal. She is co-coordinator of the Observatory of Trauma in the same institution and a member of CROME's team. Her publications and research interests are focused on postcolonial and memory studies, cultural history and the debates on the representation and evocation of the Colonial-Liberation wars, particularly in S. Tomé and Príncipe, Cape Verde and Guinea-Bissau.

INTRODUCTION: The Liberation Struggle as a Mnemonic Device - THE STRUGGLE AS THE CRADLE OF THE INDEPENDENT NATION Building the Nation State and the centrality of the struggle The "return to Africa" through music The end of the union with Guinea-Bissau and its impacts Recalibrating memory Between two ruptures - THE STRUGGLE IN THE MNEMONIC TRANSITION The political transition: causes and processes The return of removed images A new paradigm of remembrance The change in national symbols The mnemonic transition: reasons and circumstances - THE STRUGGLE AND THE IMAGE OF THE COMBATANT Constructing the liberation struggle combatant Public recognition and political disputes The diversification of the image of the "combatant" A composite memorial framework - THE STRUGGLE AND CABRAL'S AFTERLIVES Crossroads of memory Questioning Cabral Alternative representations The new heirs: Protest and appropriations EPILOGUE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

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