Nanosensors for Chemical and Biological Applications

Nano-scale materials are proving attractive for a new generation of devices, due to their unique properties. They are used to create fast-responding sensors with good sensitivity and selectivity for the detection of chemical species and biological agents. Nanosensors for Chemical and Biological Applications provides an overview of developments brought about by the application of nanotechnology for both chemical and biological sensor development. Part one addresses electrochemical nanosensors and their applications for enhanced biomedical sensing, including blood glucose and trace metal ion analysis. Part two goes on to discuss spectrographic nanosensors, with chapters on the use of nanoparticle sensors for biochemical and environmental sensing and other techniques for detecting nanoparticles in the environment. Nanosensors for Chemical and Biological Applications serves as a standard reference for R&D managers in a range of industrial sectors, including nanotechnology, electronics, biotechnology, magnetic and optical materials, and sensors technology, as well as researchers and academics with an interest in these fields.

Kevin Honeychurch is a Research Fellow in the Department of Applied Sciences at the University of the West of London, UK. The majority of his research is in the design and development of disposable screen-printed electrochemical sensors for applications in biomedicine, environmental studies, and gas detection.

Contributor contact details Woodhead Publishing Series in Electronic and Optical Materials Introduction Part I: Electrochemical nanosensors 1. Chemical and biological sensing with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) Abstract: 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Synthesis of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) 1.3 Functionalization of CNTs 1.4 Biosensors based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) 1.5 Technical and industrial challenge for the integration of CNTs in analytical and bioanalytical devices 1.6 Conclusion and future trends 1.7 References 2. Electrochemical nanosensors for blood glucose analysis Abstract: 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Nanosized materials: enzymatic detection of glucose 2.3 Nanosized materials: direct detection of glucose 2.4 Nanosized sensors 2.5 Conclusion and future trends 2.6 Sources of further information and advice 2.7 References 3. Nanoparticle modified electrodes for trace metal ion analysis Abstract: 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Nanoparticle modified electrodes: basic principles 3.3 Electroanalytical applications of nanoparticle modified electrodes: detection of arsenic 3.4 Electroanalytical applications of nanoparticle modified electrodes: detection of chromium 3.5 Electroanalytical applications of nanoparticle modified electrodes: detection of lead (II) and cadmium (II) 3.6 Electroanalytical applications of nanoparticle modified electrodes: detection of antimony 3.7 Conclusion 3.8 Sources of further information and advice 3.9 References 4. Interfacing cells with nanostructured electrochemical sensors for enhanced biomedical sensing Abstract: 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Designing and constructing nanostructured surfaces for cellular sensing 4.3 Electrochemical sensing using nanoelectronic sensing devices 4.4 Interfacing nanostructured sensors for extracellular sensing 4.5 Interfacing amperometric nanostructured sensors with cells for bioelectricity and biomolecule detection 4.6 Interfacing nanostructured sensors for intracellular sensing 4.7 Conclusion 4.8 References 5. Chemiresistor gas sensors using semiconductor metal oxides Abstract: 5.1 Introduction 5.2 The development of semiconductor metal oxide gas sensors 5.3 The gas-sensing process in semiconductor metal oxide sensors 5.4 Gas sensors using novel low dimensional metal oxides 5.5 Metal oxide nanostructure surface modification and doping 5.6 Recent developments and future trends 5.7 Sources of further information and advice 5.8 References 6. Electropolymers for (nano-)imprinted biomimetic biosensors Abstract: 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Potential and limitations of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) 6.3 Preparation and performance of molecularly imprinted electropolymers 6.4 Combination of analyte-binding MIPs with nanomaterials 6.5 Integration of analyte recognition with catalysis in MIPs 6.6 Conclusion and future trends 6.7 References 7. Nanostructured conducting polymers for electrochemical sensing and biosensing Abstract: 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Hard-template synthesis of conducting polymer nanomaterials 7.3 Soft-template synthesis of conducting polymer nanomaterials 7.4 Physical methodologies for synthesis of conducting polymer nanomaterials 7.5 Chemical and biological sensing applications: nanofilms 7.6 Chemical and biological sensing applications: nanoparticle based sensors 7.7 Chemical and biological sensing applications: metallic nanoparticles (NPs), carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and conducting polymer composites 7.8 Chemical and biological sensing applications: nanowires and nanotubes 7.9 Chemical and biological sensing applications: nanofibres, nanocables and other conducting polymer structures 7.10 Conclusion 7.11 References Part II: Spectrographic nanosensors 8. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanoparticle sensors for biochemical and environmental sensing Abstract: 8.1 Introduction: Raman scattering 8.2 Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) 8.3 SERS-active substrates 8.4 Conclusion 8.6 Acknowledgements 8.5 Sources of further information and advice 8.7 References 9. The use of coated gold nanoparticles in high performance chemical sensors Abstract: 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Synthesis of gold nanoparticle materials 9.3 Nanoparticle coatings 9.4 Modeling chemical sensing behavior 9.5 Other forms of gold nanoparticle chemical sensors 9.6 Conclusion and future trends 9.7 Sources of further information and advice 9.8 References 10. Nanoporous silicon biochemical sensors Abstract: 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Synthesis of mesoporous silica materials and enzyme encapsulation 10.3 Application to enzymatic sensor and detection mechanism 10.4 Development of enzymatic sensor for formaldehyde detection 10.5 Conclusion 10.6. References 11. Semiconductor quantum dots in chemical sensors and biosensors Abstract: 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Quantum dots (QDs): synthesis and optical properties 11.3 Bioconjugation and capping strategies 11.4 Applications of QDs to biosensors 11.5 Conclusion and future trends 11.6 References 12. Nanosensors and other techniques for detecting nanoparticles in the environment Abstract: 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Overview of nanomaterials 12.3 The regulatory context 12.4 Analytical methodology: measurements of nanoparticles (NPs) in environmental media 12.5 Analytical methodology: detection and size distribution 12.6 Analytical methodology: chemical composition and quantification 12.7 Applications 12.8 Conclusion and future trends 12.9 Sources of further information and advice 12.10 Acknowledgements 12.11 References Index