Novel Approaches to Cancer Chemotherapy

Novel Approaches to Cancer Chemotherapy compiles theories in tumor biology, emphasizing their potential use in developing therapeutic approaches to cancer therapy. This book emphasizes the unique property of a cancer cell and describes in detail how a novel therapeutic approach can be developed. This compilation consists of 11 chapters. Chapters 1, 2, 5, 6, and 7 deal with emerging areas of cancer therapy, such as the use of interferon, monoclonal antibodies, liposomes, lymphokines, and immunomodulators. The rest of the chapters cover some of the biochemical and enzyme targets in cancer cells, such as polyamines, prostaglandin, thromboxane, leukotrienes, 5a-reductase, aromatase, cell membrane glycoproteins, and sodium flux. The developments in relation to cancer therapy are mentioned in chapters dealing with biochemical approaches. This book is valuable to biologists, biochemists, immunologists, and molecular biologists intending to exploit the unique properties of cancer cells.

ContributorsPreface1 Interferon and Cancer: Current Use and Novel Approaches I. Introduction II. Interferon Clinical Trials III. Combination Therapies IV. A Murine B16 Melanoma Model for Assessment of Therapy of Lymph Node Metastases V. Potential for Direct Cytolysis of Tumor Cells by Interferon VI. Activation of NK Cells VII. Interferon and Hematopoiesis VIII. Conclusions References2 Monoclonal Antibodies in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer I. Introduction II. Methodology III. Diagnostic Uses of Monoclonal Antibodies IV. Therapeutic Uses of Monoclonal Antibodies V. Conclusions References3 Inhibitors of Polyamine Biosynthesis as Antitumor and Antimetastatic Agents I. Introduction II. Polyamine Biosynthesis III. Polyamine Catabolism IV. Polyamines in Growth and Development V. Polyamines and Differentiation VI. Polyamines and Cell Cycle VII. Polyamine Biosynthesis in Normal and Transformed Cells VIII. Inhibitors of Polyamine Biosynthesis IX. Activity of DFMO Against Experimental Tumors X. DFMO and Clinical Cancer XI. Summary References4 Prostaglandin, Thromboxane, and Leukotriene Biosynthesis: Target for Antitumor and Antimetastatic Agents I. Introduction: Arachidonic Acid Metabolism II. Modulators of Arachidonate Metabolism as Chemopreventative Agents: Inhibition of Tumor Initiation III. Inhibition of Tumor Promotion IV. Overview of the Metastatic Cascade V. Prostacyclin, Thromboxanes, and Tumor Cell Metastasis VI. Conclusion References5 Liposomes as a Drug Delivery System in Cancer Therapy I. Introduction II. Liposomes III. Therapy of Experimental Animal Tumors Using Liposomes Containing Antineoplastic Drugs IV. Liposome Targeting V. Tumor Cell Heterogeneity and Cancer Therapy VI. Ligand-Directed Targeting of Liposomes within the Vascular Compartment VII. Passive Targeting of Liposome-Encapsulated Drugs to Mononuclear Phagocytes and Augmentation of Host Resistance to Tumors and Microorganisms VIII. Physicochemical Targeting of Liposomes in Cancer Chemotherapy IX. Liposomes and Drug Delivery to Lymph Nodes X. Liposome Toxicity and Adverse Complications of Liposome Uptake by Mononuclear Phagocytes XI. Clinical Trials and Commercial Development of Liposomes as Drug Carriers XII. Conclusions References6 Macrophage Activation by Lymphokines: Usefulness as Antimetastatic Agents I. Introduction II. Interaction of Macrophages with Heterogeneous Neoplasms III. Manipulations of Macrophages for Treatment of Metastases IV. Activation of Tumoricidal Properties of Human Monocytes In Vitro by Liposome-Encapsulated Human Lymphokines V. Selective Destruction of Tumor Cells by Human Monocytes Activated with Liposome-Encapsulated MAF VI. Conclusions References7 Tuftsin: A Naturally Occurring Immunomodulating Antitumor Tetratpeptide I. Introduction II. Biology and Chemistry of Tuftsin III. Antitumor Activity of Tuftsin IV. Antimicrobial Activity of Tuftsin V. Concluding Remarks References8 5a-Reductase: A Target Enzyme for Prostatic Cancer I. Introduction II. Historical Background III. The Androgen Receptor and the Mechanism of Action of Androgens Within the Prostatic Cell IV. 5a-Reductase, Dihydrotestosterone, and the Human Prostate V. Dihydrotestosterone and Prostatic Cancer VI. Steroid Biochemistry of the Normal Prostatic Cell VII. Hormone Sensitivity of the Neoplastic Prostatic Cell VII. A New Approach to Palliative Treatment of Prostate Cancer IX. 5a-Reductase as a Target Enzyme for Prostatic Cancer X. 5a-Reductase Inhibitors Active In Vivo XI. Summary Addendum References9 Aromatase: A Target Enzyme in Breast Cancer I. Introduction II. Aromatase System III. Biological Evaluations IV.