Operatives, Spies, and Saboteurs

The battles of World War II were won not only by the soldiers on the front lines, and not only by the generals and admirals, but also by the shadow warriors whose work is captured for the first time in Operatives, Spies, and Saboteurs. Thanks to the interviews and narrative skills of Patrick O'Donnell and to recent declassifications, an entire chapter of history can now be revealed. A hidden war -- a war of espionage, intrigue, and sabotage -- played out across the occupied territories of Europe, deep inside enemy lines. Supply lines were disrupted; crucial intelligence was obtained and relayed back to the Allies; resistance movements were organized. Sometimes, impromptu combat erupted; more often, the killing was silent and targeted. The full story of the Office of Strategic Services -- OSS, precursor to the CIA -- is a dramatic final chapter on one of history's most important conflicts. In a world made unrecognizable by the restrictions placed on the CIA today, OSS played fast and loose. Legendary chief "Wild Bill" Donovan created a formidable organization in short order, recruiting not only the best and brightest, but also the most fearless. His agents, both men and women, relied on guile, sex appeal, brains, and sheer guts to operate behind the lines, often in disguise, always in secret. Patrick O'Donnell, called "the next Studs Terkel" by bestselling author Hampton Sides, has made it his life's mission to capture untold stories of World War II before the last of its veterans passes away. He has succeeded in extracting stories from the toughest of men, the most elite of soldiers, and, now, the most secretive of all: the men and women of OSS. From former CIA director William Colby, who parachuted into Norway to sever rail lines, to Virginia Hall, who disguised herself as a milkmaid, joined the French Resistance, and became one of Germany's most wanted figures, the stories of OSS are worthy of great fiction. Yet the stories in this book are all true, carefully verified by O'Donnell's painstaking research. The agents of OSS did not earn public acclaim. There were no highly publicized medal ceremonies. But the full story of OSS reveals crucial work in espionage and sabotage, work that paved the way for the Allied invasions and disrupted the Axis defenses. Operatives, Spies, and Saboteurs proves that the hidden war was among the most dramatic and important elements of World War II.

Patrick K. O'Donnell

Prologue ONE: Spy School TWO: R&D and "The Campus" THREE: Intrigue in North Africa and Iberia FOUR: Up the Boot FIVE: On Hitler's Doorstep: The OSS in Switzerland SIX: Into the Balkans: Yugoslavia and Albania SEVEN: "SMASHEM": Greece EIGHT: From Frogmen to SEALs: The OSS Maritime Unit (MU) NINE: Infiltrating France TEN: Paving the Way for Overlord 160 ELEVEN: Dragoon TWELVE: X-2: Counterespionage THIRTEEN: Approaching the Reich FOURTEEN: Catastrophe in Czechoslovakia FIFTEEN: Psych Ops: Morale Operations (MO) and Origins of Psychological Warfare SIXTEEN: Penetrating the Reich SEVENTEEN: Backroom Negotiations: Sweden and Norway EIGHTEEN: Northern Italy NINETEEN: Final Missions and Conclusion Notes Glossary Selected Bibliography Acknowledgments Index