Physical Principles of Chemical Engineering

Physical Principles of Chemical Engineering covers the significant advancements in the understanding of the physical principles of chemical engineering. This book is composed of 12 chapters that describe chemical unit processes through analogy with the unit of operations of chemical engineering. The introductory chapters survey the concept and principles of mass and energy balances, as well as the application of entropy. The next chapters deal with the probability and kinetic theories of gases, the physical aspects of solids, the different dispersed systems, and the principles and application of fluid dynamics. Other chapters discuss the property dimension and model theory; heat, mass, and momentum transfer; and the characteristics of multiphase flow processes. The final chapters review the model of rheological bodies, the molecular-kinetic interpretations of rheological behavior, and the principles of reaction kinetics. This book will prove useful to chemical engineers.

Preface to the First German EditionPreface to the English EditionIntroductionGeneral Literature SurveyTerminologyChapter 1 Mass and Energy Balances § 1.1. Mass and Energy-The Material Balance § 1.2. The Composition of Mixtures and the Mixing (Lever) Rule § 1.3. Representation of Two- and Three-Component Systems § 1.4. Determination of Mixture Composition Using the Lever Rule § 1.5. Which Unit: kg, kmole, or Nm3? § 1.6. The CGS, Technical, SI, and English-American Systems of Units § 1.7. Units of Pressure, Energy, and Power. Standard Conditions § 1.8. Dimensionally Homogeneous and Dimensional Equations § 1.9. Internal Energy and Enthalpy *§ 1.10. Notes on Dealing with Partial Derivatives § 1.11. Heat Capacity and Specific Heat § 1.12. The h-w Diagram and the Lever Rule for Adiabatic Mixing § 1.13. The Energy Balance and Energy Flow Diagram § 1.14. Introduction to Heat Transfer § 1.15. The Heat ExchangerChapter 2 Concept and Use of Entropy § 2.1. Ordered and Disordered Energy § 2.2. The Differential dS of the Entropy is an Exact Differential § 2.3. Changes of State § 2.4. Phase Diagrams § 2.5. The Reciprocating Compressor § 2.6. Thermodynamic Mean Temperature § 2.7. Availability in Steady Flow or Exergy § 2.8. What Work can be Produced Theoretically and Practically on Combustion? § 2.9. The Exergy Flow Diagram § 2.10. Efficiency, Performance Coefficient, and Reversibility § 2.11. Refrigerating Plants and Heat Pumps § 2.12. First Example of a Thermodynamic Analysis: Evaporation of Salt Solutions § 2.13. Second Example of a Thermodynamic Analysis: Liquefaction of Air § 2.14. Thermodynamics and Economy *§ 2.15. Unsteady ProcessesChapter 3 Probability Theory and the Kinetic Theory of Gases § 3.1. Introduction to Probability Theory § 3.2. Law of Large Numbers § 3.3. Primitive Model of a Highly Diluted Gas § 3.4. Mixtures of Ideal Gases § 3.5. Equilibrium, Equipartition Theorem, and an Introduction to the Theory of Specific Heats § 3.6. Distribution Functions § 3.7. The Earth's Gravitational Field as a "Velocity Sieve" *§ 3.8. Calculation of Maxwell's Velocity Distribution Function in One Direction from the Barometric Height Formula § 3.9. Maxwell's Velocity Distribution Law in Three Directions § 3.10. The Boltzmann Factor § 3.11. Number of Wall Collisions and the Rate of Evaporation § 3.12. The Mean Free Path § 3.13. Viscous Flow, Heat Conduction, Diffusion § 3.14. Viscosity, Thermal Conductivity, and Diffusivity in an Ideal Gas § 3.15. Transport Processes in Case of a Large Mean Free Path § 3.16. Brownian Movement, Limits of Measurement Accuracy, and Fluctuations *§ 3.17. Diffusion and the Binomial Coefficients § 3.18. Error Function § 3.19. Entropy, Disorder, and ProbabilityChapter 4 Physics of Solids § 4.1. Ordered and Disordered Structure § 4.2. Forces and Stresses § 4.3. Vectors and Scalars *§ 4.4. The Stress Tensor § 4.5. The Stress-Strain Diagram § 4.6. The Generalized Hooke's Law § 4.7. Relations Between the Elastic Constants of Isotropic Bodies § 4.8. Creep Strength § 4.9. Safety Factor § 4.10. Permissible Internal Pressure for Thin-Walled Pipes and Containers § 4.11. Stress Distribution in a Thick-Walled Pipe § 4.12. Design Precautions for Relieving Non-Uniform Stress Distributions in a Thick-Walled Pipe § 4.13. The Flat Plate Resistance to Bending § 4.14. Shells § 4.15. Theories of Fracture § 4.16. Internal and External Notches § 4.17. Shape Errors and Roughness of Technical Surfaces § 4.18. Bulging and Denting § 4.19. Model Laws of Mechanics § 4.20. thermal Stresses § 4.21. Work Capacity of Solids *§ 4.22.