EEG Technology

EEG Technology provides information and advice related to electroencephalography (EEG). The objective and purpose of this book is to learn more about people given that a person's brain is the person, in sickness or in health. This book is organized into eight chapters. This second edition remains almost the same as the previous volume except for some additions in Chapter 1 and reorganization of some chapters. Chapter 4 was revised to reflect the changes in the design of EEG machines; Chapters 5 and 6 were expanded to include more factual description of EEG records; and Chapters 7 and 8 were expanded and extensively revised to reflect major advances in signal analysis procedures. This book will be of interest to people with studies on EEG and those in the medical profession.

ForewordPreface to Second EditionPreface to First Edition1. Origins of the Electroencephalogram 1.l. Historical Introduction 1.2. Physical Structure of the Brain 1.2.1. Gross Anatomy 1.2.2. Physical Structure of Tissue 1.3. Electrical Activity of the Brain 1.3.1. Introduction 1.3.2. Resting Membrane Potential 1.3.3. Action Potential 1.3.4. Origin of the Cortical EEG 1.4. Relation between Scalp and Cortical EEG2. Electrodes 2.1. Introduction 2.2. Types of Electrodes 2.2.1. Scalp Electrodes 2.2.2. Sphenoidal Electrodes 2.2.3. Nasopharyngeal Electrodes 2.2.4. Electrocorticographic Electrodes 2.2.5. Intracerebral Electrodes 2.3. Chloriding of Silver Electrodes 2.4. Measurement of Electrode Resistance 2.5. Electrode Characteristics 2.5.1. Electrode Potential 2.5.2. Polarization 2.5.3. Reversible Electrodes 2.6. Equivalent Circuit of an Electrode in a Solution 2.7. Measurement of Electrode Characteristics 2.8. Electrodes for d.c. Recording 2.9. Electrodes for a.c. Recording3. Connecting Electrodes to Amplifiers 3.1. Introduction 3.2. Bipolar Derivations 3.3. Common Reference Derivations 3.4. Common Average Reference Derivations 3.5. General Qualifications4. Recording Systems 4.1. Introduction 4.2. Characteristics of the Input Circuit 4.2.1. The Input Circuit 4.2.2. The Balanced Amplifier 4.2.3. Analysis of the Balanced Amplifier Input Circuit 4.3. Characteristics of the Recording System 4.3.1. Introduction 4.3.2. Sensitivity 4.3.3. Linearity 4.3.4. Frequency Response 4.3.5. Phase Response 4.3.6. Noise 4.4. The Frequency Response Controls 4.4.1. Introduction 4.4.2. The Low-frequency Filter and its Time Constant 4.4.3. The High-frequency Filter 4.5. The Writer and Pen Damping Effects 4.6. The 'Electrode-amplifier' Recording System 4.7. The Overall System 4.7.1. Frequency Characteristic 4.7.2. Master Controls 4.7.3. Amplifier Blocking 4.7.4. Paper Drive and Time Marking 4.8. Testing the Recording System 4.8.1. Introduction 4.8.2. Sensitivity 4.8.3. Linearity and Dynamic Range 4.8.4. Discrimination 4.8.5. Frequency Response 4.8.6. Input Resistance 4.8.7. Noise 4.8.8. Paper Speed 4.9. Fault Finding5. Operational Techniques 5.1. Introduction 5.2. Electrode Placement 5.3. Design of Montages 5.4. Application of Electrodes 5.5. Recording Procedure 5.6. Evocative Techniques 5.6.1. Introduction 5.6.2. Hyperventilation 5.6.3. Photic Stimulation 5.6.4. Sleep 5.6.5. Intravenous Administration of Drugs 5.7. Use of Operational Controls 5.8. Artefacts 5.8.1. Introduction 5.8.2. External Electrical Interference 5.8.3. Artefacts from Electrodes and Leads 5.8.4. Artefacts from the Patient6. Visual Analysis of the EEG 6.1. Introduction 6.2. Temporal Patterns 6.2.1. Describing the Signal 6.2.2. Sine Waves 6.2.3. EEG Frequency Bands 6.2.4. Complex Wave Patterns 6.2.5. Specific Waveforms 6.3. Spatial Patterns 6.3.1. Stationary Potential Fields 6.3.2. Moving Potential Fields 6.4. Spatial Analysis 6.4.1. Introduction 6.4.2. Derivation of Potential Distribution from Pen Deflections 6.4.3. Mapping of Small Potential Fields 6.4.4. Mapping of Widespread Potential Fields 6.5. Describing the EEG Record7. Special Techniques 7.1. Use of Special Electrodes 7.1.1. Sphenoidal Electrode Recordings 7.1.2. Nasopharyngeal Electrode Recordings 7.1.3.