The Armenian Genocide

The Armenian Genocide was one of the greatest atrocities of the twentieth century, an episode in which up to 1.5 million Armenians lost their lives. In this major new history, the renowned historian Raymond Kevorkian provides an authoritative account of the origins, events and consequences of the years 1915 and 1916. He considers the role that the Armenian Genocide played in the construction of the Turkish nation state and Turkish identity, as well as exploring the ideologies of power, rule and state violence. Crucially, he examines the consequences of the violence against the Armenians, the implications of deportations and attempts to bring those who committed the atrocities to justice. Kevorkian offers a detailed and meticulous record, providing an authoritative analysis of the events and their impact upon the Armenian community itself, as well as the development of the Turkish state. This important book will serve as an indispensable resource to historians of the period, as well as those wishing to understand the history of genocidal violence more generally.

Raymond Kevorkian is an historian who teaches at the Institut Francais de Geopolitique, University of Paris-VIII-Saint-Denis. He is Director of the Bibliotheque Nubar, the Armenian Library in Paris and the author of numerous works on the history of modern and contemporary Armenia and Armenians.

Preface
Introduction
Part I: Young Turks and Armenians Intertwined in the Opposition (1895-1908)
1. Abdülhamid and the Ottoman Opposition
2. The December 1907 Second Congress of the Anti-Hamidian Opposition: Final "Preparations for a Revolution"
Part II: Young Turks and Armenians Facing the Test of Power (1908-1912)
1. Istanbul in the First Days of the Revolution: "Our Common Religion is Freedom"
2. Young Turks and Armenians Facing the Test of the "Events of March 31" and the Cilician Massacres
3. The Political Response to the Cilician Massacres
4. The CUP's First Deviations: The 1909, 1910, and 1911 Congresses
5. Armenian and Young Turk Revolutionaries: The Anatolian Provinces and Istanbul, 1910-1912
Part III: Young Turks and Armenians Face to Face (December 1912-March 1915)
1. The Mutations in the Committee of Union and Progress after the First Balkan War, 1913
2. The Armenian Organizations' Handling of the Reform Question
3. The Establishment of the Ittihadist Dictatorship and the Plan to "Homogenize" Anatolia
4. Destruction as Self-Construction: Ideology in Power
5. Turkey's Entry into the War: August 1914-April 1915
6. The Te?kilat-? Mahsusa on the Caucasian Front and the First Military Operations
7. The First Acts of Violence
8. Putting the Plan into Practice and the "Temporary Deportation Law"
Part IV: In the Vortex of the War: The First Phase of the Genocide
1. The Armenian Population of the Empire on the Eve of the War: The Demographic Issue
2. The Armenians' Socio-Economic Situation on the Eve of the War
3. Deportations and Massacres in the Vilayet of Erzerum
4. Resistance and Massacres in the Vilayet of Van
5. Massacres and Deportations in the Vilayet of Bitlis
6. Massacres and Deportations in the Vilayet of Dyarbekir
7. Deportations and Massacres in the Vilayet of Mamuret ul-Aziz
8. Deportations and Massacres in the Vilayet of S?vas
9. Deportations and Massacres in the Vilayet of Trebizond
10. Deportations and Massacres in the Vilayet of Angora
11. Deportations and Massacres in the Vilayet of Kastamonu
12. Constantinople in the Period of the Deportations and Massacres
13. Deportations in the Vilayet of Edirne and the Mutesarifat of Bi?a/Dardanelles
14. Deportations from the Mutesarifat of Ismit
15. Deportations and Massacres in the Vilayet of Bursa and the Mutesarifat of Kütahya
16. Deportations and Massacres in the Vilayet of Ayd?n
17. The Deportations and Massacres in the Vilayet of Konya
18. The Armenian Deportees on the Istanbul-Ismit-Eski?ehir-Konya-Bozanti Line and the Route of the Baghdad Railway
19. The Deportations from Zeytun and Dörtyol: Repression or Program for Genocide?
20. The Deportations from the Mutesarifat of Marash
21. The Deportations from the Vilayet of Adana
22. The Deportations from the Sancaks of Ayntab and Antakya
23. The Deportations from the Mutesarifat of Urfa
Part V: The Second Phase of the Genocide (Fall 1915-December 1916)
1. The Aleppo Sub-Directorate for Deportees, a Center of Activity in the Service of the Party-State's Extermination Policy
2. Displaced Populations and the Main Deportation Routes
3. Aleppo, Pivot of the Genocidal System and Center of the Relief Operations for the Deportees
4. The Camps in Suruc, Arabpunar and Ras ul-Ayn and the Zones of Relegation in the Vilayet of Mosul
5. The Concentraton Camps of the "Route of the Euphrates"
6. The Deportees of the Hama-Homs-Damascus-Der'a-Jerusalem-Amman Route
7. The Peculiar Case of Ahmed Cemal: The Ittihad's Maverick or Executor of the Genocide?
8. The Armenian Deportees on the Construction Sites of the Baghdad Railway, in the Taurus and Amanus Mountains
9. The Second Phase of the Genocide: The Dissolution of the Armenian Patriarchate and the Decision to Eliminate the Last of the Deportees
Part VI: The Last Days of the Ottoman Empire: The Executioners on Trial
1. Grand Vizier Talât Pasha's New Turkey or the Updating of Pan-Turkism
2. The Refoundation