The Problems of Sulphur

The Problems of Sulphur discusses all aspects of the problems associated with sulfur in coal. The book is divided into three parts. Part 1 addresses the forms of sulfur in coal and evaluates processes directed at the chemical removal of sulphur. Part 2 expands on this to look at alternative means of removing sulfur both physically and biologically, sulfur removal during the combustion of coal and flue gas desulfurization processes. Part 3 looks at the role of sulphates in the atmosphere from the points of view of their formation, transport and deposition and of their effects on health, materials and the atmosphere. The book will be of value to engineers, environmentalists, and chemists.

Dr. Sam Stuart is a physiotherapist and a research Fellow within the Balance Disorders Laboratory, OHSU. His work focuses on vision, cognition and gait in neurological disorders, examining how technology-based interventions influence these factors. He has published extensively in world leading clinical and engineering journals focusing on a broad range of activities such as real-world data analytics, algorithm development for wearable technology and provided expert opinion on technology for concussion assessment for robust player management. He is currently a guest editor for special issues (sports medicine and transcranial direct current stimulation for motor rehabilitation) within Physiological Measurement and Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation, respectively.

Part 1 Chemical Desulphurisation of Coal Summary 1 Introduction 2 Sulphur in Coal Pyritic Sulphur Organic Sulphur 3 Requirements of Chemically Cleaned Coal 4 Chemistry of Coal Cleaning Reactions of Pyritic Sulphur Reactions of Organic Sulphur 5 Processes for the Chemical Cleaning of Coal Processes Based on the Oxidation of Sulphur Processes Based on the Displacement of Sulphur Other Processes 6 Evaluation of Processes 7 Current Research on Chemistry of Desulphurisation Reactions Oxidation Reactions Displacement Reactions 8 Conclusions ReferencesPart 2 Control of Sulphur Oxides From Coal Combustion Summary 9 Introduction 10 The Occurrence of Sulphur 11 Physical Desulphurisation of Coal Differences in Relative Densities Separation Using Surface Properties Separation Using Magnetic Properties 12 Microbiological Desulphurisation of Coal 13 Sulphur Removal During Combustion Selection and Utilisation of Sorbent Pretreatment of Limestone Operating Parameters Post-Sulphation Treatment 14 Wet Scrubbing Flue Gas Desulphurisation Processes Non-Regenerable Processes Regenerable Processes 15 Dry Flue Gas Desulphurisation Processes Dry Injection Processes Spray Dryer Processes Dry Adsorption 16 Disposal of Flue Gas Desulphurisation Waste Direct Ponding Landfill of Untreated Sludge 17 Conclusions ReferencesPart 3 Sulphates in the Atmosphere Summary Acronyms and Abbreviations 18 Introduction 19 The Sulphur Cycle Atmosphere Pedosphere Hydrosphere Lithosphere Man-Made Component Summary and Comments 20 Atmospheric Chemistry of Sulphur Reduced Sulphur Compounds Gas Phase Oxidation of SO2 Aqueous Phase Oxidation of SO2 Gas/Particle Interactions Nucleation Particle Size Summary and Comments 21 Sulphate Formation in Plumes Plume Dispersion Coal-Fired Power Plant Plumes Oil-Fired Power Plant Plumes Smelter Plumes Urban Plumes Particle Formation Summary and Comments 22 Atmospheric Aerosol Concentration Patterns Summary and Comments 23 Transport Mesoscale Transport Long-Range Transport Summary and Comments 24 Deposition Dry Deposition Occult Deposition Wet Deposition Processes Precipitation Chemistry Summary and Comments 25 Long-Range Transport and Deposition Models Statistical Trajectory Analyses Theoretical Models Contribution of Local Sources Summary and Comments 26 Human Health Particle Deposition in the Respiratory Tract Animal Studies Human Clinical Studies Epidemiology Non-Respiratory Health Effects Summary and Comments 27 Visibility Summary and Comments 28 Climate Summary and Comments 29 Materials Summary and Comments 30 ConclusionsReferencesIndex