The Great Caliphs

The flowering of the 'Abbasid caliphate between 750 and 1258 CE is often considered the classical age of Islamic civilization. In the preceding 120 years the Arabs had conquered much of the known world of antiquity and established a vast empire stretching from Spain to China. But was this empire really so very different, as has sometimes been claimed, from what it superseded? The Great Caliphs creatively explores the immense achievements of the 'Abbasid age through the lens of Mediterranean history. When the Umayyad caliphs were replaced by the 'Abbasids in 750, and the Arab capital moved to Baghdad, Iraq quickly became the centre not only of an imperium but also of a culture built on the foundations of the great civilizations of antiquity: Greece, Rome, Byzantium and Persia. Debunking popular misconceptions about the Arab conquests, Amira Bennison shows that, far from seeing themselves as purging the 'occidental' culture of the ancient world with a 'pure' and 'oriental' Islamic doctrine, the 'Abbasids perceived themselves to be as much within the tradition of Mediterranean and Near Eastern empire as any of their predecessors.Like other outsiders who inherited the Roman Empire, the Arabs had as much interest in preserving as in destroying, even while they were challenged by the paganism of the past. Indebted to that past while building creatively on its foundations, the 'Abbasids and their rulers inculcated and nurtured precisely the 'civilized' values which western civilization so often claims to represent.

Amira K. Bennison is Professor of the History and Culture of the Maghrib in the University of Cambridge, UK, and a Fellow of Magdalene College, Cambridge, UK. Her books include Jihad and its Interpretations in Pre-Colonial Morocco (2015), The Great Caliphs: The Golden Age of the 'Abbasid Empire (2009 runner-up for the Longman-History Today Book of the Year Award) and The Almoravid and Almohad Empires (2016).

Acknowledgements
Note on transliteration
List of Maps
List of Figures
Chapter 1 Introduction
Chapter 2 A Stormy Sea: the politics of the 'Abbasid caliphate
The making of an empire
The Umayyads: Islam's first caliphal dynasty
The rise of the 'Abbasids
The early 'Abbasid caliphate
The Samarran interlude
The Shi'i century
The Saljuq sultanate and the 'Sunni revival'
The Crusades and the twilight of the caliphate
Chapter 3 From Baghdad to Cordoba: the cities of classical Islam
Arab urbanism at the dawn of Islam
The first Muslim towns
Umayyad urbanism
'Abbasid imperial cities and their imitators
Provincial cities in the 'Abbasid age
Chapter 4 Princes and Beggars: life and society in the 'Abbasid Age
Peasants and countryfolk
The people of the city
Women and children
The religious minorities
Beggars and tricksters
Chapter 5 The Life Blood of Empire: trade and traders in 'Abbasid times
Routes and commodities
Merchants and pilgrims
Trade facilities
Chapter 6 Baghdad's 'Golden Age': Islam's scientific renaissance
The foundations of Islamic learning
The flowering of knowledge under the 'Abbasids
The 'Abbasid translation movement
Translations, translators and scientists
Knowledge and science after the translation movement
Chapter 7 The 'Abbasid Legacy
Bibliography
Index