An Introduction to Population-level Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) kill more people than anything else in the world. They include cardiovascular diseases, such as heart attacks and strokes; cancers; chronic respiratory diseases, such as chronic obstructed pulmonary disease and asthma; and diabetes. In 2013, the World Health Organization published a global action plan for the prevention and control of NCDs which set a target to reduce death rates from NCDs by 25% by 2025. In response, countries have been drawing up national-level NCD prevention policies and programmes. New departments have been created by governments, NGOs, and other organizations to drive this agenda forward, creating a need for capacity building and training. In response to this need, the Nuffield Department of Population Health and the Department for Continuing Education at the University of Oxford initiated an accredited six-day short course on prevention strategies for non-communicable diseases with a population-based approach. In the past, many attempts to engage with NCD prevention have centred on individual-level interventions, such as screening and treating individual patients. In this new book, the course organisers provide a solid introduction to the population-based approach and bring together the concepts, evidence, and methods that define it. An Introduction to Population-Level Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases takes readers through the entire policy cycle: from problem definition, solution generation, capacity building, and implementation to evaluation and monitoring. The book includes a wide range of case studies and practical examples of plans and projects that illustrate the real-life applications of theory. This book provides an unparalleled overview of population-based approaches to the prevention of non-communicable diseases, reflecting the latest research in the field. It is a key resource for anyone with an interest in NCD prevention, particularly early-career professionals working in governments, NGOs, health care institutions, and universities as they develop the knowledge and skills required for effective population-based prevention strategies.

Mike Rayner is a Professor of Population Health at the Nuffield Department of Population Health at the University of Oxford and Director of the Centre on Population Approaches for Non-Communicable Disease Prevention, based in that department. The Centre, which Mike founded in 1993, is a World Health Organisation Collaborating Centre and carries out research into the promotion of healthier and more sustainable environments particularly those related to diets and physical activity. Mike is also Chair of Sustain: the alliance for better food and farming in the UK and Chair of its Childrens Food Campaign. He is Chair of the Nutrition Expert Group for the European Heart Network. He is an ordained priest in the Church of England.
Kremlin Wickramasinghe is a researcher at the Nuffield Department of Population Health at the University of Oxford. He joined the Centre on Population Approaches for Non-Communicable Disease Prevention (CPNP) in 2009 to work on the epidemiology of cardiovascular disease and associated risk factors. His research interests include multi-sectoral approaches to NCD prevention and implementation of NCD prevention strategies. The CPNP was awarded the status of World Health Organisation Collaborating Centre on Population Approaches for Non-Communicable Disease Prevention in 2013 and Kremlin is the Co-Director of the Collaborating Centre. He is also the Course Director for the Short course on prevention strategies for non-communicable diseases organised, by the University of Oxford.
Julianne Williams is a doctoral candidate in Population Health at the University of Oxford. Broadly, her research seeks to clarify the complex relationships between peoples environments and their health behaviours and outcomes, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Her current research examines the influence of socio-economic and environmental factors on the health behaviours of adolescent schoolchildren in rural Sri Lanka. Previously, Julianne worked as a researcher in the Centre on Population Approaches for NCD Prevention at the University of Oxford, where she examined relationships between neighbourhood food environments and non-communicable disease (NCD) outcomes in Britain. She has also developed novel methods for using geospatial technologies to increase the accuracy of data collection in nutrition and obesity research. Julianne is a Registered Dietitian and received a Master in Public Health from the University of Washington.
Karen McColl is a freelance consultant based in Lotissement La Thuile, Montagny, France.
Dr Shanthi Mendis is a fellow at the Geneva Learning Foundation in Switzerland. She coordinated the global program for Prevention and Management of non-communicable diseases at the World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. She has been the Senior Adviser/coordinator of the World Health Organization cardiovascular and non-communicable diseases programs from 2000. Dr Mendis served as Professor of Medicine, at the Faculty of Medicine, Peradeniya Sri Lanka from 1979 for twenty years. She is a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians and a Fellow of the American College of Cardiology. She received post-doctoral training in the United Kingdom and USA, and has wide experience in Global Health, Internal Medicine, Cardiology, Policy development and Research in developing countries and has published widely.

- Section 1: Introduction to the book - 1: Introduction - Section 2: Problem definition - 2: Understanding NCDs - 3: NCDs: Risk factors and determinants - 4: The socio-political landscape of NCDs, Part I - 5: The socio-political landscape of NCDs, Part II - 6: Public health advocacy for the prevention of NCDs - 7: Screening and surveillance - Section 3: Solution generation - 8: Evidence for population-level approaches to the prevention of NCDs: Evaluating effectiveness and modelling - 9: Evidence for population-level approaches to the prevention of NCDs: Economic evaluation - 10: Developing a prevention strategy - Section 4: Resource mobilisation and implementation - 11: Capacity building - 12: Implementation of an NCD prevention strategy - 13: Implementation: Beyond the health sector - Section 5: Monitoring progress - 14: Evaluation and monitoring - 15: Revisiting the stages of the policy cycle - Index