Assessment of Immune status by the Leukocyte Adherence Inhibition Test

Assessment of Immune Status by the Leukocyte Adherence Inhibition Test reviews many aspects of the immune response and cellular requirements in leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI). It compares the LAI methodology with alternative approaches, discusses the method that has been adopted to determine whether the LAI phenomenon measures a specific immune response, and explores how these phenomena fit in with and relate to the traditional immune response. Organized into three parts encompassing 15 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the hemocytometer assay, the immunological basis and applications of hemocytometer LAI, the immune response as assayed by the test tube method, and the microplate assay. It then discusses cellular populations in LAI; measurements of humoral antitumor immunity; clinical application of LAI in breast cancer, prostate cancer, and rheumatic diseases; the biology of LAI and its response to human cancer; and cellular and pharmacologic aspects of LAI. It also compares microplate LAI with other in vitro assays of cell-mediated immunity, as well as tumor immunity in animal models and human cancer. Both beginning and experienced investigators involved in all aspects of immunologic research will find this book extremely useful.

List of ContributorsPrefaceI Leukocyte Adherence Inhibition on Hemocytometers 1 Hemocytometer LAI: Immunological Basis and Applications I. Introduction II. Historical Survey III. Technical Summary IV. Reaction Mechanism V. Immunodiagnosis of Human Cancer VI. Some Comparisons and Relationships VII. Future Prospects References 2 Cellular Populations in Leukocyte Adherence Inhibition I. Introduction II. LAI Methods III. Cellular Interactions IV. Quantitative Aspects V. Conclusions References 3 Measurements of Humoral Antitumor Immunity I. Introduction II. H-LAI Measurements III. Nature of Humoral Factor IV. Mechanisms of the H-LAI Response V. H-LAI Measurements in Cancer Detection VI. Conclusions References 4 Clinical Application in Breast Cancer I. Introduction II. Antigen Preparation III. Specificity of LAI Assay IV. Mechanism of LAI V. LAI Assay among Family Members of Breast Cancer Patients VI. LAI and Serum Blocking Factors VII. Arming Phenomenon with Breast Cancer Patients' Sera VIII. Evolution of LAI at the City of Hope IX. Conclusion ReferencesII Leukocyte Adherence Inhibition in Test Tubes 5 The Use of the Assay to Measure Immunity in Animal Models I. Introduction II. Methodological Aspects III. Specificity, Mechanism, and Biological Significance IV. Discussion References 6 The LAI Response to Human Cancer: The Biology of the LAI Response and Features of the Antigens I. Introduction II. Computerized Tube LAI Assay III. Oncofetal Organ-Specific Neoantigens of Human Cancer IV. Biology of the LAI Response V. Modulation of the Expression of Human Antitumor Immunity VI. Diagnostic Value VII. Summary References 7 Leukocyte Adherence Inhibition, Carcinoembryonic Antigen, and Tumor Size in Patients with Colorectal Carcinoma I. Introduction II. Methods and Technical Problems III. Results References 8 Evaluation of Leukocyte Adherence Inhibition in Prostate Cancer I. Introduction II. Hemocytometer LAI III. Tube LAI IV. Disease-Specific Reactivity V. Tumor-Specific Reactivity VI. Effect of Therapy VII. Evaluation of LAI Data VIII. Conclusion References 9 The Leukocyte Adherence Inhibition Assay in Human and Experimental Rheumatic Diseases I. Arthritic Disorders Evaluated Utilizing LAI Assay II. Standardization of the Tube LAI Assay III. Results of LAI Assay in Rheumatoid Arthritis IV. Results of LAI Assay in Experimental Arthritis V. Significance of LAI Studies in Experimental Arthritis VI. Significance of LAI Studies in Rheumatoid Arthritis VII. Conclusions References 10 Cellular and Pharmacologic Aspects I. Introduction II. The Test in Arthritis III. Significance of the Nonadherence in the LAI IV. Cellular Aspects V. Sensitization of IgG Rheumatoid Factor VI. LAI Test and Pregnancy Serum VII. Characterization of Synovial Extract VIII. Activation of Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes IX. Leukocyte Adherence and Prostaglandins X. Leukocyte Adherence and ß Receptors XI. LAI Test with Synovial Fluid Leukocytes XII. Adherence and Immunomodulation XIII.