Biology of the Lymphokines

Biology of the Lymphokines discusses the scope and diversity of lymphokine research. This book focuses on the studies on lymphokines, such as those involving cellular source, chemical nature, purification strategies, and bioassay limitations. The mechanism of lymphokine action, lymphokines in vivo, and value of lymphokine quantitations are also covered. This text describes the repertoire of lymphokines produced by various lymphoblastoid cell lines and its significance for coping with the problem of large scale lymphokine production. The anti-viral and general immunoregulatory properties of interferons and rationale developed for integrating interferons with the family of lymphokines are likewise deliberated. This publication is a good source for students and researchers conducting work on lymphokines.

List of ContributorsPreface1. The Lymphokine Concept I. Historical Perspective II. What Lymphokines Are III. Where Lymphokines Originate IV. Biological Relevance References2. Lymphokines as Inflammatory Mediators I. Introduction II. Delayed Hypersensitivity III. The Lymphokines IV. The Role of Lymphokines In Vivo V. Concluding Remarks References3. Mechanism of Action of Migration Inhibitory Lymphokines I. Introduction II. The Mechanism of Macrophage and PMN Motility III. Manifestations of MIF Action IV. Interaction of MIFs with the Cell Membrane V. Intracellular Events in MIF Action VI. Modulation of MIF Action VII. Conclusion References4. The Activation of Macrophages by Lymphokines I. Introduction II. Characterization of the Lymphocyte Mediator That Activates Macrophages III. Changes in Macrophages Induced by Lymphocyte Mediators IV. Other Means of Activating Macrophages V. Some Effector Mechanisms of Activated Macrophages VI. The Appearance of New Antigen Determinants on Activated Macrophages References5. Cytotoxic and Growth Inhibitory Lymphokines I. Introduction II. Molecular Dimensions III. Biokinetics IV. Regulatory Mechanisms V. Mechanism of Action VI. The Role of LT in Cell-Mediated Immune (CMI) Reactions In Vitro References6. The Relationship between Lymphokines and Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity I. Introduction II. T-Cell-Mediated Cytolysis III. Lymphotoxin-Mediated Cell Destruction IV. Relation of LT to Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity References7. Quantification of Lymphokine Production in Human Disease I. Introduction II. Description of Assay Systems III. Lymphokine Production in Human Disease IV. Summary References8. Cellular Sources of Lymphokines I. Introduction-General Mechanisms of Cell Activation II. T-Cell-Derived Lymphokines III. Macrophage Dependency of T-Cell Lymphokine Production IV. B-Cell-Derived Lymphokines V. Physicochemical Comparisons of B- and T-Cell-Produced Lymphokines VI. Macrophage-Derived Factors VII. Production of Lymphokines by Lymphoid Cell Lines VIII. Summary and Conclusions References9. Cytokines: Lymphokine-like Mediators Produced by Nonlymphoid Cells I. Introduction II. Production of MIF by Nonlymphoid Cells III. Production of Cytokines by Virus-Infected Nonlymphoid Cells IV. Comparison between Lymphokines and Cytokines V. Interferons and Cytokines VI. Concluding Remarks References10. Purification and Characterization of Lymphokines I. Introduction II. General Physicochemical Properties of Lymphokines III. Chemical Identities of and Differences among Various Lymphokines IV. Promising New Approaches for Characterization and Purification of Lymphokines V. Conclusion References11. Biological Effects of Lymphocyte and Macrophage-Derived Mitogenic "Amplification" Factors I. Introduction II. Historical Perspective III. Mitogenic Factor (MF) IV. Lymphocyte Activating Factor (LAF) V. Abnormalities of Mediator Production VI. Conclusions References12. Characterization of Mitogenic Factors and Their Effect on the Antibody Response In Vitro I. Introduction II. Biochemistry of Lymphoproliferative Factors III. Possible Role of Lymphoproliferative Factors in the Regulation of Antibody Synthesis In Vitro IV. Summary References13. Immunoregulatory Products of Macrophages I. Introduction II. Suppression of Lymphocyte Activities by Macrophages III. Mechanisms of Lymphocyte Suppression by Macrophages IV. Macrophage Products That Inhibit Lymphocyte Reactions V. Selectivity of Macrophage-Mediated Suppression Toward Lymphocyte Subpopulations VI. The Macrophage as an Intermediary Cell for Lymphocyte-Induced Suppression VII. Summary References14.

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