CDC Yellow Book 2024

For over half a century, the CDC Yellow Book has been a trusted resource, providing international travelers and clinicians with expert guidance for safe and healthy travel abroad. Along with disease-specific prevention and treatment recommendations, this comprehensive reference text provides readers with the background and context needed to understand and address health threats associated with all types of international travel. FEATURED IN THIS EDITION: · Precautions for international travelers during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, including links to updated information on related CDC and US government websites · Updates on practicing travel medicine in a virtual environment · New standalone vaccine tables for bacterial and viral diseases with links to the relevant Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices and US FDA websites · Safe international travel with pets and service animals · Advice for obtaining healthcare abroad including guidance on different types of travel insurance · Guidelines for self-treating common travel conditions including altitude illness, jet lag, motion sickness, and travelers' diarrhea · Detailed maps showing the distribution of travel-associated infections and diseases, including dengue and meningococcal meningitis · Country-specific mosquito avoidance, yellow fever vaccine, and malaria prevention recommendations · Food and drink precautions, plus updated water-disinfection techniques · Expanded content on safe international travel for specific groups including: LGBTQ+ individuals, highly allergic travelers, travelers with substance use issues, and medical tourists · Specialized recommendations for non-leisure travelers, study abroad, work-related travel, and travel to mass gatherings · Health insights for 14 popular destinations and itineraries in Africa and the Middle East, the Americas and the Caribbean, and Asia · Considerations for newly arrived adoptees, immigrants, and refugees

About the Editor in Chief: Jeffrey B. Nemhauser, MD, served as senior medical officer in the Travelers' Health Branch, Division of Global Migration and Quarantine, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, from 2017 to 2023. About the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is a United States federal agency within the Department of Health and Human Services, headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia.

List of Maps, by topic CDC Contributors External Contributors Acknowledgments Preface Dedication 1 Introduction Disease Patterns in Travelers ...perspectives: Why Guidelines Differ Maps & Travel Medicine Improving the Quality of Travel Medicine through Education & Training 2 Preparing International Travelers The Pretravel Consultation ...perspectives: Travelers' Perception of Risk Vaccination & Immunoprophylaxis-General Principles Interactions Between Travel Vaccines & Drugs Yellow Fever Vaccine & Malaria Prevention Information, by Country Travelers' Diarrhea ...perspectives: Antibiotics in Travelers' Diarrhea-Balancing Benefit & Risk Food & Water Precautions Water Disinfection Travel Health Kits Last-Minute Travelers Mental Health LGBTQ+ Travelers Complementary & Integrative Health Approaches to Travel Wellness Prioritizing Care for Resource-Limited Travelers Telemedicine ...perspectives: Risk Management Issues in Travel Medicine 3 Travelers with Additional Considerations Immunocompromised Travelers Travelers with Disabilities Travelers with Chronic Illnesses Highly Allergic Travelers Substance Use & Substance Use Disorders 4 Environmental Hazards & Risks Sun Exposure Extremes of Temperature Air Quality & Ionizing Radiation Scuba Diving: Decompression Illness & Other Dive-Related Injuries High Elevation Travel & Altitude Illness Mosquitoes, Ticks & Other Arthropods Zoonotic Exposures: Bites, Stings, Scratches & Other Hazards Zoonoses-The One Health Approach Bringing Animals & Animal Products into the United States Food Poisoning from Marine Toxins Safety & Security Overseas Injury & Trauma Death During Travel 5 Travel-Associated Infections & Diseases BACTERIAL Vaccine-Preventable Diseases: Bacterial Anthrax Bartonella Infections Brucellosis Campylobacteriosis Cholera Diphtheria Escherichia coli, Diarrheagenic Helicobacter pylori Legionnaires' Disease & Pontiac Fever Leptospirosis Lyme Disease Melioidosis Meningococcal Disease Pertussis / Whooping Cough Plague Pneumococcal Disease Q Fever Rickettsial Diseases Salmonellosis, Nontyphoidal Shigellosis Tetanus Tuberculosis ...perspectives: Testing Travelers for Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection Typhoid & Paratyphoid Fever Yersiniosis VIRAL Vaccine-Preventable Diseases: Viral B Virus Chikungunya COVID-19 Dengue Hand, Foot & Mouth Disease Henipavirus Infections Hepatitis A Hepatitis B Hepatitis C Hepatitis E Human Immunodeficiency Virus / HIV Influenza Japanese Encephalitis Middle East Respiratory Syndrome / MERS Mumps Norovirus Poliomyelitis Rabies ...perspectives: Rabies Immunization Rubella Rubeola / Measles Smallpox & Other Orthopoxvirus-Associated Infections Tick-Borne Encephalitis Varicella / Chickenpox Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers Yellow Fever Zika PARASITIC Amebiasis Angiostrongyliasis Cryptosporidiosis Cutaneous Larva Migrans Cyclosporiasis Cysticercosis Echinococcosis Enterobiasis / Pinworm Filariasis, Lymphatic Flukes, Liver Flukes, Lung Giardiasis Helminths, Soil-Transmitted Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous Leishmaniasis, Visceral Malaria Onchocerciasis / River Blindness Sarcocystosis Scabies Schistosomiasis Strongyloidiasis Taeniasis Toxoplasmosis Trypanosomiasis, African Trypanosomiasis, American / Chagas Disease FUNGAL Coccidioidomycosis / Valley Fever Histoplasmosis 6 Health Care Abroad Travel Insurance, Travel Health Insurance & Medical Evacuation Insurance Obtaining Health Care Abroad ...perspectives: Avoiding Poorly Regulated Medicines & Medical Products during Travel Medical Tourism 7 Family Travel Pregnant Travelers Travel & Breastfeeding Traveling Safely with Infants & Children Vaccine Recommendations for Infants & Children International Adoption Traveling with Pets & Service Animals 8 Travel by Air, Land & Sea Air Travel ...perspectives: Responding to Medical Emergencies when Flying Deep Vein Thrombosis & Pulmonary Embolism Jet Lag Road & Traffic Safety Cruise Ship Travel Motion Sickness Airplanes & Cruise Ships: Illness & Death Reporting & Public Health Interventions 9 Travel for Work & Other Reasons The International Business Traveler Advice for Aircrew ...perspectives: People Who Fly for a Living-Health Myths & Realities Health Care Workers, Including Public Health Researchers & Medical Laboratorians Humanitarian Aid Workers United States Military Deployments Long-Term Travelers & Expatriates Study Abroad & Other International Student Travel Visiting Friends & Relatives: VFR Travel Mass Gatherings Adventure Travel Sex & Travel 10 Popular Itineraries The Rationale for Popular Itineraries AFRICA & THE MIDDLE EAST African Safaris Saudi Arabia: Hajj & Umrah Pilgrimages South Africa Tanzania & Zanzibar THE AMERICAS & THE CARIBBEAN Brazil Dominican Republic Haiti Mexico Peru ASIA Burma (Myanmar) China India Nepal Thailand 11 Posttravel Evaluation General Approach to the Returned Traveler Rapid Diagnostic Tests for Infectious Diseases ...perspectives: Screening Asymptomatic Returned Travelers Fever in the Returned Traveler Antimicrobial Resistance Respiratory Infections Persistent Diarrhea in Returned Travelers Dermatological Conditions ...perspectives: Delusional Parasitosis Sexually Transmitted Infections Newly Arrived Immigrants, Refugees & Other Migrants