Cognitive Task Analysis

Cognitive task analysis is a broad area consisting of tools and techniques for describing the knowledge and strategies required for task performance. Cognitive task analysis has implications for the development of expert systems, training and instructional design, expert decision making and policymaking. It has been applied in a wide range of settings, with different purposes, for instance: specifying user requirements in system design or specifying training requirements in training needs analysis. The topics to be covered by this work include: general approaches to cognitive task analysis, system design, instruction, and cognitive task analysis for teams. The work settings to which the tools and techniques described in this work have been applied include: 911 dispatching, faultfinding on board naval ships, design aircraft, and various support systems. The editors' goal in this book is to present in a single source a comprehensive, in-depth introduction to the field of cognitive task analysis. They have attempted to include as many examples as possible in the book, making it highly suitable for those wishing to undertake a cognitive task analysis themselves. The book also contains a historical introduction to the field and an annotated bibliography, making it an excellent guide to additional resources.

Jan Maarten Schraagen, Susan F. Chipman, Valerie L. Shalin

Contents: Foreword. Preface. Part I: Introduction and History.S.F. Chipman, J.M. Schraagen, V.L. Shalin, Introduction to Cognitive Task Analysis. J. Annett, Theoretical and Pragmatic Influences on Task Analysis Methods. Part II: Cognitive Task Analysis for Individual Training, Performance Assessment, and Selection.D. DuBois, V.L. Shalin, Describing Job Expertise Using Cognitively Oriented Task Analyses (COTA). A. Schaafstal, J.M. Schraagen, Training of Troubleshooting: A Structured, Task Analytical Approach. V.J. Shute, L.A. Torreano, R.E. Willis, DNA: Providing the Blueprint for Instruction. J.M. Flach, Discovering Situated Meaning: An Ecological Approach to Task Analysis. K.J. Vicente, Work Domain Analysis and Task Analysis: A Difference That Matters. E. Hunt, S. Joslyn, A Functional Task Analysis of Time-Pressured Decision Making. Part III: Cognitive Task Analysis For Applications to the Design of Human-System Interaction.T.L. Seamster, R.E. Redding, G.L. Kaempf, A Skill-Based Cognitive Task Analysis Framework. P.J. Barnard, J. May, Towards a Theory-Based Form of Cognitive Task Analysis of Broad Scope and Applicability. K.E. Williams, An Automated Aid for Modeling Human-Computer Interaction. T.C. Ormerod, Using Task Analysis as a Primary Design Method: The SGT Approach. P. Johnson, H. Johnson, F. Hamilton, Getting the Knowledge Into HCI: Theoretical and Practical Aspects of Task Knowledge Structures. W.I. Hamilton, Cognitive Task Analysis Using ATLAS. D.E. Kieras, D.E. Meyer, The Role of Cognitive Task Analysis in the Application of Predictive Models of Human Performance. C. Paris, S. Balbo, N. Ozkan, Novel Uses of Task Models: Two Case Studies. W.D. Gray, S.S. Kirschenbaum, Analyzing a Novel Expertise: An Unmarked Road. G.A. Boy, Active Design Documents as Software Agents That Mediate Participatory Design and Traceability. F. Schmalhofer, L. van Elst, Cognitive Analyses Within Increasingly Larger Organizational Contexts. S.S. Potter, E.M. Roth, D.D. Woods, W.C. Elm, Bootstrapping Multiple Converging Cognitive Task Analysis Techniques for System Design. M.A. Neerincx, H. van Doorne, M. Ruijsendaal, Attuning Computer-Supported Work to Human Knowledge and Processing Capacities in Ship Control Centers. Part IV: Cognitive Task Analysis for Teamwork Situations.W.W. Zachary, J.M. Ryder, J.H. Hicinbothom, Building Cognitive Task Analyses and Models of a Decision-Making Team in a Complex Real-Time Environment. P.J.M.D. Essens, W.M. Post, P.C. Rasker, Modeling a Command Center. J. Annett, D. Cunningham, Analyzing Command Team Skills. G. Klein, Cognitive Task Analysis of Teams. E. Blickensderfer, J.A. Cannon-Bowers, E. Salas, D.P. Baker, Analyzing Knowledge Requirements in Team Tasks. Part V: Discussion.A. Lesgold, On the Future of Cognitive Task Analysis. J.M. Schraagen, S.F. Chipman, V.J. Shute, State-of-the-Art Review of Cognitive Task Analysis Techniques.