Hearing

Handbook of Perception, Volume IV: Hearing reviews the literature on the physical, physiological, and psychological aspects of hearing. The book covers a wide array of topics relevant to hearing, including the measurement and biophysics of the cochlea, binaural and spatial hearing, and the effects of hearing impairment on the auditory system. The psychological, sociological, and physiological effects of noise are also addressed. This volume is organized into six sections encompassing 16 chapters and begins with a historical overview of the history of research on hearing, from the antiquity of acoustics to the physical and mathematical developments that gave rise to auditory facts and theories. Auditory perception, physiology, and theory are followed up to about 1940, whereas the work on analysis synthesis and perception of speech is traced up to about 1960. The chapters that follow focus on measurement, the biophysics of the cochlea, and neural coding. The underlying mechanisms of the processing of acoustic information are given consideration. The book methodically introduces the reader to the mechanisms of frequency, intensity, time, and periodicity, along with stress, trauma, and pathology. A chapter on the transient physiological effects of noise and their relation to neuroendocrine stress theory concludes the treatise. This book is intended for psychologists, biologists, and natural scientists, as well as for those who are interested in the physical, physiological, and psychological aspects of hearing.

List of ContributorsForewordPrefacePart I. History of Research on Hearing Chapter 1. Some Historical Notes on Research in Hearing I. Introduction: From the Monochord to Electroacoustics II. Frequency and Intensity Limits of the Ear III. Timbre, Fusion, Noise, and Masking IV. Auditory Localization V. Frequency Analysis and Periodicity Detection VI. Attributes, Scales, and Psychophysics VII. The New Physiology of Hearing VIII. Auditory Theory IX. Hearing, Perceiving, Analyzing, and Synthesizing Speech References Chapter 2. History of Research on Hearing I. Introduction II. Pinna III. Middle Ear IV. The Cochlea V. The Question of Nonlinearity VI. Threshold and Detection VII. Loudness VIII. Masking IX. Timing Information X. Binaural Phenomena XI. Auditory Theory ReferencesPart II. Measurement, Biophysics of the Cochlea, and Neural Coding Chapter 3. Measurement of the Auditory Stimulus I. Introduction II. Harmonic Motion III. Propagation of Sound IV. Measurement of Sound Intensity V. System Performance VI. Introduction to Linear Filters VII. The Linear-Time-Invariant System VIII. Mathematical Representation of Signals IX. Response of an LTI System to a Unit Impulse Function X. Random Signals XI. Nonlinear Systems References Chapter 4. Biophysics of the Cochlea I. Anatomy II. Cochlear Mechanics III. Transducer Processes IV. Addendum References Chapter 5. The Neural Code I. Introduction II. The Auditory Nerve III. The Coding of Intensity IV. The Coding of Pitch V. The Squaring Process VI. Complex Tones VII. Critical Bands VIII. Two-Tone Inhibition IX. Centrifugal Influence X. The Pitch of Complex Tones XI. Temporal Factors in Coding XII. Temporal Coding and Localization ReferencesPart III. Analyzing Mechanisms of Frequency, Intensity, Time, and Period Chapter 6. Loudness I. Introduction II. Intensity III. Spectrum IV. Time V. Background VI. Listener VII. Physiological Correlates of Loudness VIII. Models of Loudness IX. Meaning of Loudness References Chapter 7. Frequency and Periodicity Analysis I. Nature of the Auditory Stimulus II. The Selectivity of the Ear III. Interaction Phenomena IV. Periodicity Pitch V. Perception of a Complex Sound as a Whole References Chapter 8. Masking: Experimental and Theoretical Aspects of Simultaneous, Forward, Backward, and Central Masking I. Introduction II. Experimental Results III. Some Theoretical Considerations References Chapter 9. Auditory Masking I. Introduction II. Noise Masking III. Auditory Filtering IV. Predicting Tone-in-Noise Data V. Sinusoidal Masking VI. Summary ReferencesPart IV. Binaural and Spatial Hearing Chapter 10. Binaural Phenomena I. Introduction II. Interaural Differences III. Perceptual Attributes of the Binaural Image Space IV. Sensitivity References Chapter 11. Models of Binaural Interaction I. Introduction II. Count-Comparison Models III. Interaural-Difference-Detector Models IV. Noise-Suppression Models V. Cross-Correlation Models VI. Auditory-Nerve-Based Model VII. Overview ReferencesPart V. Psychology of Music Chapter 12. Musical Acoustics I. Introduction II.

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