Immunophysiology of the Gut

Bristol-Myers Squibb/Mead Johnson Nutrition Symposia, Volume 11: Immunophysiology of the Gut represents a comprehensive and systematic coverage of the immunophysiology of the gut, compiling research that integrates the mucosal immune system and intestinal physiology. This book discusses the immunological regulation of epithelial function, fibroblastic sheath, pathways of arachidonic acid metabolism, and gastric response to mucosal anaphylaxis. The implications for inflammatory diarrhea, role of breast milk in neonatal host defense, and milk-borne peptide growth factors in human and bovine milk are also elaborated. This publication likewise covers the immunopathologic features of celiac disease, immune responses in protein-energy malnutrition, and bacterial translocation. This volume is suitable for experts and clinicians from the disciplines of mucosal immunology, intestinal physiology, and enteric neurophysiology.

ContributorsSponsor's ForewordForewordPrefacePart I Immunophysiology of the Gut 1 Immunological Regulation of Epithelial Function I. Introduction II. Discovery-Evidence of Immune Regulation of Epithelial Function III. Integration-"Patterns That Connect" IV. Application-Protection, Reconstruction, Attenuation, and Augmentation of Mucosal Immune Responses References 2 Mesenchymal-Epithelial Interactions: The Subepithelial Fibroblastic Sheath as a Paracrine Modulator of Inflammation-Induced Intestinal Secretion I. Introduction II. The Fibroblastic Sheath III. Methods IV. Results V. Discussion References 3 Immune Regulation of Intestinal Arachidonic Acid Metabolism: Effects on Intestinal Water and Electrolyte Transport I. Introduction II. Pathways of Arachidonic Acid Metabolism III. Immune and Inflammatory Mediators That Stimulate Intestinal Arachidonic Acid Metabolism IV. Cellular Origin of Stimulated Increases in Arachidonic Acid Metabolites V. Cellular Mechanisms for Immune Regulation of Arachidonic Acid Release and Metabolism VI. Mechanisms of Action of Arachidonic Acid Metabolites on Intestinal Secretion VII. Conclusions References 4 Gastrointestinal Anaphylaxis: Effect on Gastric and Intestinal Function I. Introduction II. Animal Model III. The Gastric Response to Mucosal Anaphylaxis IV. Intestinal Response to Acute Anaphylaxis V. Intestinal Response to Chronic Anaphylaxis VI. Summary References 5 Acute and Chronic Control of Colonic Chloride Secretion by Mast Cell Mediators I. Introduction II. Acute Effects of Mast Cell Mediators on T84 Cells III. Chronic Effects of Mast Cell Mediators on T84 Cells IV. Implications for Inflammatory Diarrhea ReferencesPart II Lymphokines and Mucosal Immune Function 6 Cytokines and Immune Regulation: An Overview I. Introduction II. The Regulation of IgE and IgG1 Antibody Production III. Cytokine Production by T-Cell Subsets IV. The Regulation of IgA Production V. Conclusions References 7 Antigen-Independent and Antigen-Dependent Development of Mucosal Immunity and Hypersensitivity I. Introduction II. Antigen-Independent Development of the Mucosal Immune System in the Human Fetus III. Cell-Mediated Immune Responses in Intestinal Mucosa Using Explants of Fetal Gut IV. Activated T Cells in Intestinal Diseases References 8 Interferon-- and Class II Antigen Expression on Enterocytes I. Introduction II. Expression of Class II Antigens on Intestinal Enterocytes References 9 Modeling the Intestinal Crypt Abscess-A Characteristic Lesion of Acute Intestinal Inflammation I. Introduction II. Model Intestinal Epithelium III. Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte Transmigration Across T84 Monolayers IV. The Crypt Abscess V. Summary References 10 Role of Lymphokines in Function of Gastrointestinal Mucosal T Cells I. Introduction II. Cell Surface Glycoprotein Expressed by Mucosal T Cells III. Lymphokine Production by Mucosal T Cells in Vitro IV. Lymphokine Utilization by Mucosal T Cells in Vitro V. Immunoregulatory Function of Intestinal T Cells in Vitro VI. Evidence of Lymphokine Production in Response to Specific Antigens VII. T-Cell Lymphokine mRNA Expression in Vivo in Normal and Inflamed Intestinal Mucosa VIII. Implications of Mucosal T-Cell Lymphokine Production References 11 Cytokine Production in the Gastrointestinal Tract During Inflammation I. The Cytokine Network II.