Insight and Creativity in Problem Solving

To date we have only a fragmentary understanding of the thought processes that engender insightful solutions to problems that require a change in representation or the discovery of distant associations to presented information. We likewise have only a piecemeal understanding of the thinking that underpins creative problem solving, where solutions are needed that are new to the solver. Recently there has been a growing interest in removing the mystery from insight and creativity through better specified theories and theory-driven experimentation.
The chapters in this volume reflect key developments in this expanding field of insight and creativity research. Collectively, the chapters converge on a nuanced view of insight and creative thinking as often arising from the interplay between two qualitatively distinct types of processes that interact to yield sudden, surprising and innovative solutions to problems that initially seemed impenetrable and resistant to the application of inventive ideas. This dual-process perspective, which capitalises on the distinction between 'special' (automatic, unconscious and associative) Type 1 processes and 'routine' (controlled, conscious and analytic) Type 2 processes, helps advance a theoretical understanding of insight and creativity, whilst also provoking important new research questions. This book was originally published as a special issue of Thinking and Reasoning.

Kenneth J. Gilhooly is Research Professor of Quantitative Gerontology at Brunel University, UK and Emeritus Professor at the University of Hertfordshire, UK. Linden J. Ball is Professor of Cognitive Psychology and Dean of Psychology at the University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK. Laura Macchi is Professor of Psychology of Thinking and Decision Making in the Department of Psychology at the University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy.

Preface 1. Insight and creative thinking processes: Routine and special 2. Toward an integrated theory of insight in problem solving 3. The shifting sands of creative thinking: Connections to dual-process theory 4. Reasoned connections: A dual-process perspective on creative thought 5. When distraction helps: Evidence that concurrent articulation and irrelevant speech can facilitate insight problem solving 6. A sketch is not enough: Dynamic external support increases creative insight on a guided synthesis task 7. Incubation and cueing effects in problem-solving: Set aside the difficult problems but focus on the easy ones 8. Incubation and suppression processes in creative problem solving 9. When analytic thought is challenged by a misunderstanding