Fifty Years of Family Planning in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

This book chronicles five decades of struggle to introduce family planning into one of the largest, most complex countries in sub-Saharan Africa: the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Interweaving details of major political, social, and economic events into the history of family planning in DRC (formerly Zaïre), the book analyses the achievements and setbacks of five decades of programmatic work. President Mobutu's 1972 discourse on Naissances Désirables (desirable births) opened the door to organized family planning programs, which gained considerable momentum in the 1980s despite societal norms favoring large families. Two pillages and armed conflict paralyzed development work during the decade of the 1990s, and family planning was one of multiple public health programs that struggled to regain lost ground in the 2000s. With new donor funding and implementing agencies, the 2010s witnessed rapid programmatic expansion and improved strategies. By 2018, family planning was operating as a well-oiled machine. But progress is fragile. The book ends by tracing the deleterious effects of the colonial period to contemporary programming and individual contraceptive use. It asks hard questions about donor financing. And it details the six conditions needed to accelerate family planning progress in the DRC, in pursuit of providing millions of Congolese women and men with the means of controlling their own fertility. The book will be of interest to development and public health researchers and practitioners, as well as to historians of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non (CC-BY) 4.0 license.

Jane T. Bertrand is the Neal A. and Mary Vanselow Professor at Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA. For over four decades, Bertrand has combined an academic career of classroom teaching and publication with active engagement in family planning programs in Guatemala, Morocco, and Zaïre/DRC. A specialist in Monitoring and Evaluation, she has researched barriers to contraceptive use and assessed program performance. As director of the Center for Communication Programs, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health from 2001 to 2009, Bertrand supported programs worldwide in Social and Behavior Change Communication across multiple public health topics.

Part I The Decades that Shaped the Congo 1. The Congo Free State (1885-1908); 2. The Belgian Congo (1908-60); 3. The First Decade Post-Independence (1960-69); Part II The Fifty Years of Family Planning 4. The 1970s: President Mobutu Authorizes Naissances Désirables; 5. The 1980s: Zaïre Experiences the First Golden Decade for Family Planning; 6. The 1990s: Development Work Paralyzed by Pillages and War; 7. The 2000s: Family Planning - Like the Country - Inches Back to Normalcy; 8. The 2010s: The DRC Experiences the Second Golden Decade of Family Planning; Part III Looking Backward, Pressing Forward 9. The Past, Present, and Future