Rethinking Thought

Rethinking Thought takes readers into the minds of 30 creative thinkers to show how greatly the experience of thought can vary. It is dedicated to anyone who has ever been told, "You're not thinking!", because his or her way of thinking differs so much from a spouse's, employer's, or teacher's. The book focuses on individual experiences with visual mental images and verbal language that are used in planning, problem-solving, reflecting, remembering, and forging new ideas. It approaches the question of what thinking is by analyzing variations in the way thinking feels. Written by neuroscientist-turned-literary scholar Laura Otis, Rethinking Thought juxtaposes creative thinkers' insights with recent neuroscientific discoveries about visual mental imagery, verbal language, and thought. Presenting the results of new, interview-based research, it offers verbal portraits of novelist Salman Rushdie, engineer Temple Grandin, American Poet Laureate Natasha Trethewey, and Nobel prize-winning biologist Elizabeth Blackburn. It also depicts the unique mental worlds of two award-winning painters, a flamenco dancer, a game designer, a cartoonist, a lawyer-novelist, a theoretical physicist, and a creator of multi-agent software. Treating scientists and artists with equal respect, it creates a dialogue in which neuroscientific findings and the introspections of creative thinkers engage each other as equal partners. The interviews presented in this book indicate that many creative people enter fields requiring skills that don't come naturally. Instead, they choose professions that demand the hardest work and the greatest mental growth. Instead of classifying people as "visual" or "verbal," educators and managers need to consider how thinkers combine visual and verbal skills and how those abilities can be further developed. By showing how greatly individual experiences of thought can vary, this book aims to help readers in all professions better understand and respect the diverse people with whom they work.

Laura Otis is a Professor of English at Emory University and a former MacArthur Fellow. With an MA in Neuroscience and a PhD in Comparative Literature, she compares the creative thinking of scientists and literary writers. Otis is the author of Organic Memory, Membranes, Networking, and Müller's Lab; the translator of Santiago Ramón y Cajal's Vacation Stories; and the editor of Literature and Science in the Nineteenth Century.

Acknowledgements
Chapter One: Who's the "You"?
Chapter Two: Words Enable and Disable Thought: Michael Holquist, David Krakauer, Lynn Margulis, and Jeff Martin
Chapter Three: The Vast Range of Visual Worlds: Barry Shur, Temple Grandin, Mary Welty, Hugh Wilson, and Natasha Trethewey
Chapter Four: The Space of Language: Kate Thorpe, Jonathan Culler, and N. Katherine Hayles
Chapter Five: Beyond Visual and Verbal Thinking: Linda Richardson, Nicholas Gessler, David Finkelstein, and Barbara Zettel
Chapter Six: Thinking between Minds: Gerd Gigerenzer, Elizabeth Blackburn, and Venkat Narayan
Chapter Seven: Creative Conversions: Salman Rushdie, Jason Rohrer, Edward G. Jones, Rebecca Newberger Goldstein, Rigoberto A Gonzalez, and Harriet Goren
Chapter Eight: Learning to Think: Mark Bauerlein, Diana Richmond, Jay Hosler, and Scott Gilbert
Chapter Nine: Fluid Individuals, Evolving Minds
Appendix
Notes
Bibliography
Index