Molecular and Cell Biology

Polycyclic Hydrocarbons and Cancer, Volume 2: Molecular and Cell Biology explores the link between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and cancer from the viewpoint of molecular and cell biology. This volume consists of 26 chapters divided into eight sections based on the following themes: DNA and Chromatin Interactions; Microbial Mutagenesis; Mammalian Mutagenesis; DNA Repair; Transformation of Cells in Culture; Animal and Human Models; Genetics; and Comments and Observations. The discussion begins with an analysis of the interactions of PAHs with cellular macromolecules and with DNA of mammalian cells in culture. The following chapters focus on microbial and mammalian mutagenesis by PAHs; mechanisms of DNA excision repair in human cells; effect of DNA repair on the cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of PAH metabolites in human cells; and oncogenic transformation of cell cultures by PAHs and their derivatives. The final chapter makes the case for the establishment of a system for conducting quantitative assessments of biomedical risk presented by many types of environmental perturbants such as PAHs. This monograph will be of interest to investigators and educators concerned with scientific aspects of PAH research; government officials and elected representatives as well as industry leaders who must confront and solve the problems related to PAHs; and others in the field of molecular and cell biology.

List of ContributorsPrefaceContents of Volume 1Part I DNA and Chromatin Interactions 1 Interactions between Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Cellular Macromolecules I. Introduction II. Structures of PAH-Nucleoside Adducts III. Conformation of DNA Modified by Reaction with BPDE IV. Functional Changes in BPDE-Modified DNA V. Reactions of PAH's with Protein VI. Summary and Unresolved Problems References 2 Recent Work of Pascaline Daudel I. Introduction II.Interaction of Carcinogens with DNA: Resulting Damages References 3 The Interaction of Polycyclic Hydrocarbons with DNA of Mammalian Cells in Culture I. Introduction II. Methodology III. The In Vivo Binding of BP, MBA, and MC to DNA References 4 Reactions of Activated Benzo[a]Pyrene with DNA and RNA Text References 5 Modification of DNA by Benzo[a]Pyrene Diol Epoxide I I. Introduction II. Materials and Methods III. Results and Discussion References 6 Interactions between Benzo[a]Pyrene Diol Epoxide I and Chromatin I. Introduction II. Modification of Core Particles with BPDE III. Modification of Core Particle DNA with BPDE IV. Modification of Core Particle Histones with BPDE V. Modification of Nonhistone Core Particle Proteins with BPDE VI. Conclusion ReferencesPart II Microbial Mutagenesis 7 Mutagenesis: Microbial Systems I. Introduction II. Microbial Assay System III. Mutagenicities of Benzo[a]Pyrene and Its Metabolites IV. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Other than Benzo[a]Pyrene V. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons as Environmental Mutagens References 8 Comparative Mutagenicity of Diol Epoxides of Benzo[a]Pyrene and Benzo[a]Anthracene in V79 Chinese Hamster Cells and Salmonella Typhimurium I. Introduction II. Experimental Procedures III. Results and Discussion IV. Concluding Remarks ReferencesPart III Mammalian Mutagenesis 9 Mammalian Cell Mutagenesis by Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Their Derivatives I. Introduction II. Mutagenic Activity of Carcinogenic PAH's III. Conclusion References 10 Cell Transformation and Mutability of Different Genetic Loci in Mammalian Cells by Metabolically Activated Carcinogenic Polycyclic Hydrocarbons I. Introduction II. Methods III. Results IV. Conclusion ReferencesPart IV DNA Repair 11 Mechanisms of DNA Excision Repair in Human Cells I. Introduction II. Repair Reactions in Cells III. Mechanism of Excision Repair IV. Repair of Benzopyrene Diol Epoxide-Induced Damage V. Adherence to BND-Cellulose by Chemical Interaction VI. Excision Repair and Genetic Processes VII. Control of DNA Repair Capability VIII. Enzymatic Basis of Repair IX. Summary: The Role of Excision Repair References 12 Formation and Repair of Benzo[a]Pyrene-Induced DNA Damage in Mammalian Cells I. Introduction II. Formation of Covalent Benzo[a]pyrene-DNA Adducts in Mammalian Cells III. Repair of Benzo[ IV. Indirect Formation of DNA-Base Damage by Reactive Oxygen Radical Species Produced as a Consequence of Benzo[a]pyrene Metabolism References 13 Repair of Human DNA Damaged by Ultraviolet and Benzo[a]Pyrene Diol Epoxide I Text References 14 Effect of DNA Repair on the Cytotoxicity and Mutagenicity of Polycyclic Hydrocarbon Metabolites in Human Cells I. Introduction II. Experimental Procedures III. Results IV.