Drugs, Oil, and War

Peter Dale Scott's brilliantly researched tour de force illuminates the underlying forces that drive U.S. global policy from Vietnam to Colombia and now to Afghanistan and Iraq. He brings to light the intertwined patterns of drugs, oil politics, and intelligence networks that have been so central to the larger workings of U.S. intervention and escalation in Third World countries through alliances with drug-trafficking proxies. This strategy was originally developed in the late 1940s to contain communist China; it has since been used to secure control over foreign petroleum resources. The result has been a staggering increase in the global drug traffic and the mafias associated with it_a problem that will worsen until there is a change in policy. Scott argues that covert operations almost always outlast the specific purpose for which they were designed. Instead, they grow and become part of a hostile constellation of forces. The author terms this phenomenon parapolitics_the exercise of power by covert means_which tends to metastasize into deep politics_the interplay of unacknowledged forces that spin out of the control of the original policy initiators. We must recognize that U.S. influence is grounded not just in military and economic superiority, Scott contends, but also in so-called soft power. We need a 'soft politics' of persuasion and nonviolence, especially as America is embroiled in yet another disastrous intervention, this time in Iraq.

Peter Dale Scott, a former Canadian diplomat and professor emeritus at the University of California, Berkeley, is a leading political analyst and poet. His most recent books are The Road to 9/11: Wealth, Empire, and the Future of America, The War Conspiracy: JFK, 9/11 and the Deep Politics of War, and Drugs, Oil, and War: The United States in Afghanistan, Colombia, and Indochina. He has been awarded the Lannan Poetry Award, and former U.S. poet laureate Robert Hass wrote that Scott's Coming to Jakarta "is the most important political poem to appear in the English language in a very long time." His website can be found at www.peterdalescott.net

Chapter 1 Preface
Chapter 2 Introduction: The Deep Politics of U.S. Interventions
Part 3 Part I: Afghanistan, Heroin, and Oil (2002)
Chapter 4 Chapter 1: Drugs and Oil in U.S. Asian Wars: From Indochina to Afghanistan
Chapter 5 Chapter 2: Indochina, Colombia, and Afghanistan: Emerging Patterns
Chapter 6 Chapter 3: The Origins of the Drug Proxy Strategy: The KMT, Burma, and U.S. Organized Crime
Part 7 Part II: Colombia, Cocaine, and Oil (2001)
Chapter 8 Chapter 4: The United States and Oil in Colombia
Chapter 9 Chapter 5: The CIA and Drug Traffickers in Colombia
Chapter 10 Chapter 6: The Need to Disengage from Colombia
Part 11 Part III: Indochina, Opium, and Oil (From The War Conspiracy, 1972)
Chapter 12 Chapter 7: Overview: Public, Private, and Covert Political Power
Chapter 13 Chapter 8: CAT/Air America, 1950-1970
Chapter 14 Chapter 9: Laos, 1959-1970
Chapter 15 Chapter 10: Cambodia and Oil, 1970
Chapter 16 Chapter 11: Opium, the China Lobby, and the CIA