Processing and Presentation of Antigens

Processing and Presentation of Antigens brings together the views of immunologists, biochemists, cell biologists, and virologists who have a common interest in the early phases of the immune response. Antigen processing and presentation comprise a series of events that are much more complex and sophisticated than had been thought for a long time, and constitute an essential part of the biology of the immune response to T-dependent protein antigens. The book is organized into seven parts. Part I discusses the major advances and insights in antigen processing, some results on the interaction of antigen with class II MHC molecules, and the precise mechanism involved in antigen processing. Part II presents papers on endosomes, lysosomes, and recycling. Part III deals with studies on presentation in the context of class I MHC molecules. The chapters in Part IV examine interactions of antigens with class II MHC molecules. Part V contains papers on macrophages and dendritic cells as accessory cells. Part VI examines antigen presentation by B cells. Part VII covers studies on T cells.

PrefacePart I. Introduction 1. Processing of Native Antigen by Accessory Cells and Presentation of Membrane-Bound MHC-Associated Antigen to Specific T Cells Introduction Historical Antigen Processing Specific Interaction of Antigen with Class II MHC Molecules References Part II. Endosomes, Lysosomes, and Recycling 2. Pinocytic Flow through Macrophages Constitutive Pinocytosis in Macrophages Stimulated Pinocytosis in Macrophages Some Speculations Regarding Mechanisms References 3. Processing of Ligands in Macrophage Endosomes Introduction Intracellular Transport of Mannosylated Proteins in Macrophages References 4. Intracellular Transport of Class II HLA Antigens Introduction Kinetics of HLA-DR Antigen Transport Interactions of Class II Antigens with the Endocytic Pathway Discussion References 5. Endocytosis of the T4 Molecule Introduction Materials and Methods Results Conclusions References Part III. Presentation in the Context of Class I MHC Molecules 6. Pathways of Viral Antigen Presentation in T Lymphocyte Recognition Introduction Experimental System Viral Infectivity and Target Cell Sensitization Presentation of Exogenous and Endogenous Antigen Receptor Engagement and T Lymphocyte Activation Conclusions References 7. The Epitopes of Influenza Nucleoprotein Recognized by Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Can Be Defined with Short Synthetic Peptides Introduction Results Discussion References 8. Cytotoxic T Cell Recognition of the SV40 Tumor Antigen: A Note of Caution Introduction Materials and Methods Results Discussion References Part IV. Interactions of Antigens with Class II MHC Molecules 9. Ia Structure and Immune Recognition Introduction Location of Ia Allelic Polymorphism Ia Expression Following Gene Transfer Discussion References 10. The Role of MHC and Amphipathic Structures in T Cell Recognition: Features Determining Immunodominance Text References 11. Pathways to Presentation Introduction Antigen Architecture References 12. Antigen Presentation by Supported Planar Membranes Containing Purified Major Histocompatibility Complex Proteins Introduction Recognition System Supported Planar Membranes T Cell Responses to Supported Planar Membranes Containing I-A Molecules Biophysical Measurements on Supported Planar Membranes Conclusions References Part V. Macrophages and Dendritic Cells as Accessory Cells 13. Antigen Presentation by Macrophages Antigen Processing A Membrane Interleukin-1 (IL-1) Antigen Presentation: IL-1 Requirements and Induction of IL-1 References 14. Antigen Presentation by Dendritic Cells Introduction The Stimulatory Capacity of DC during the Primary MLR DC as Stimulators of Other Primary Responses APC Requirements for Memory T Lymphocytes Antigen-Dependent and -Independent Clustering of APC and T Cells DC Function in Man Discussion References 15. The Immunologic Properties of Epidermal Langerhans Cells Introduction Methods The Phenotype of LC in Epidermal Sheets and in EC Suspensions Immunologic Properties of Murine Epidermal LC Factors Underlying the Maturation of LC Discussion References 16.

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