Retroviruses and Disease

Retroviruses and Disease presents a relevant summary of the state of knowledge in both human nonhuman retroviruses. It highlights significant concepts regarding their commonalities and differences in terms of retroviral systems. A section of this book covers the pathogenic human retroviruses and focuses on two. These are HLTV-1 (the first human retrovirus that was isolated) and HIV (the cause of a potent immunological disorder). The life cycle of replication-competent retroviruses, including the murine leukemia viruses and its functions, is discussed in Chapters 1 and 2. The focus of the third chapter is the transformation of Rous sarcoma virus. Meanwhile, Chapter 4 discusses the multiple stages in avian leukosis virus-induced B cell lymphoma. Oncogenes, the molecular basis of human cancer, are also covered in this book. Another virus also discussed in this book is the human T cell leukemia virus. The book is a good reference for students, teachers, specialists, scientists, and researchers in microbiology.

Preface1. Genetics of Replication of Moloney Murine Leukemia Virus I. Introduction II. The Life Cycle and Genomic Organization of the Murine Leukemia Viruses III. Construction and Analysis of Mutants of Moloney MuLV: Assignment of Function to Retroviral Gene Products IV. Summary References 2. Functions of Murine Leukemia Virus Envelope Gene Products in Leukemogenesis I. Introduction II. Structure and Biosynthesis of MuLV env Gene Products III. Cell-Surface Receptors for MuLV env Proteins IV. Functional Activities of MuLV env Proteins V. Leukemogenicities of Recombinant env Genes VI. Structure and Function of the Friend Spleen Focus-Forming Virus (SFFV) VII. Possible Mechanistic Roles of MuLV env Proteins in Leukemogenesis VIII. Conclusions References3. Transformation by Rous Sarcoma Virus I. Introduction II. Activation of Transforming Potential of the Cellular src Proto-oncogene III. Cell Transformation by p60v-src References 4. Multiple Stages in Avian Leukosis Virus-Induced B Cell Lymphoma I. Introduction II. Tumor Progression in ALV-Induced B Cell Lymphoma III. Transcriptional Activation of the c-myc Proto-oncogene IV. Alterations in the c-myc Gene Product? V. Defectiveness of the Provirus VI. Activation of Additional Proto-oncogenes VII. Summary References 5. From Retroviral to Human Oncogenes: The Molecular Basis of Human Cancer I. Introduction II. ras Oncogenes III. myc Oncogenes IV. Oncogene Activation in B and T Cell Tumors V. The abl Oncogene and the Philadelphia Chromosome VI. Growth Factor Receptors and Human Oncogenes VII. New Human Oncogenes VIII. Recessive Oncogenes IX. Future Perspectives References 6. Retroviral Gene Transfer: Application to Human Therapy I. Principles of Retroviral Gene Transfer II. Somatic Gene Therapy-the Human ADA Deficiency Model System III. Use of Antisense RNA Inhibition to Protect Cells from HTLV-I-Mediated Oncogenic Transformation IV. Summary References7. Models for Mechanisms of Transformation by the Human T Cell Leukemia Viruses I. Introduction II. Hypotheses for Mechanisms of HTLV Transformation References 8. Disorders of IL-2 Receptor Expression in HTLV-I-Associated Adult T Cell Leukemia I. Introduction II. Chemical Characterization of the Multichain IL-2 Receptor III. Molecular Cloning of cDNAs for the Human 55-kDa Tac IL-2 Receptor Peptide IV. Distribution of IL-2 Receptors V. Lymphocyte Functions That Are Regulated by the Interaction of IL-2 with Its Receptor VI. Disorders of IL-2 Expression in Adult T Cell Leukemia VII. The IL-2 Receptor as a Target for Therapy in Patients with ATL, Patients with Autoimmune Disorders, and Individuals Receiving Organ Allografts VIII. Summary References 9. The Characteristics of an HIV "A" (sor) Gene Mutant Text References10. Molecular Aspects of HIV: Mechanisms of Gene Regulation and Immune Evasion I. Introduction II. Molecular Structure of HIV III. Function of the tat and trs Genes IV. Mapping of Functional Domains of tat V. Regulation of HIV Expression and Pathogenesis VI. The HIV Envelope, Infectivity, and Virus Neutralization References11. Replication and Pathogenesis of HIV-1 Retrovirus Relevant to Drug Design I. Controlled Infection II. Selective Cytotoxicity III. Evasion of the Immune Response IV. Summary ReferencesIndex