Neurological Emergencies

Neurological Emergencies presents a comprehensive guide on the initial assessment and early treatment of patients with neurological emergencies. It discusses the diagnosis, emergency investigations, and handling of coma patients. It addresses the management of focal supratentorial lesion. Some of the topics covered in the book are the diffuse neurological or systemic disturbance; emergency resuscitation; diagnosis and treatment of transtentorial herniation; diagnosis and treatment of acute viral encephalitis; raised intracranial pressure; diagnosis and treatment of non-viral infective encephalitis; viral meningitis; meningovascular syphilis; diagnosis and treatment of cerebral abscess; diagnosis and treatment of intracranial subdural empyema; and diagnosis and treatment of cerebral venous thrombosis. The diagnosis and treatment ofstroke is fully covered. An in-depth account of the difference between haemorrhage and infarction is provided. The diagnosis of subarachnoid haemorrhage is completely presented. A chapter is devoted to the prevention of more cranial bleeding.

Preface1. Coma Causes Focal Supratentorial Lesion Focal Subtentorial Lesion Diffuse Neurological or Systemic Disturbance Emergency Management Emergency Resuscitation Initial Diagnostic Assessment Serial Monitoring Emergency Treatment Transtentorial Herniation (Tentorial Coning) Further Reading2. Acute Infective Encephalitis Acute Viral Encephalitis Emergency Treatment Non-Viral Infective Encephalitis Further Reading3. Meningitis Viral Meningitis Clinical Features Laboratory Findings Treatment Bacterial Meningitis Clinical Features Laboratory Findings Emergency Treatment Problems in Diagnosis And Management Other Forms of Infective Meningitis Fungal Meningitis Meningovascular Syphilis Other Further Reading4. Intracranial Abscess and Venous Thrombosis/Thrombophlebitis Cerebral Abscess Clinical Features Investigations Emergency Treatment Intracranial Subdural Empyema Clinical Features Diagnosis Emergency Treatment Intracranial Extradural Abscess Cerebral Venous Thrombosis/Thrombophlebitis Cortical Vein Thrombosis/Thrombophlebitis Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis/Thrombophlebitis Diagnosis Investigations Emergency Treatment5. Stroke and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Stroke Diagnosis Emergency Investigations Emergency Management Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Diagnosis Emergency Investigations Emergency Management Further Reading6. Head Injury Initial Assessment Admission to Hospital Early Hospital Management The Unconscious Patient The Conscious Patient Transfer to or Consultation with Neurosurgical Department Immediate Complications Laceration and Open Head Injury Linear Skull Fracture Depressed Skull Fracture Acute Extradural Hemorrhage Acute Subdural Hemorrhage Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage Post-Traumatic Seizures Cranial Nerve Injury Inappropriate ADH Secretion Other Injury Further Reading7. Acute Spinal Cord Dysfunction Clinical Features of Spinal Cord Dysfunction Spinal Pain Motor Signs Sensory Signs Sphincteric Signs Respiratory Signs Acute Spinal Cord Compression Metastatic Tumor Primary Tumor Infection Disc Disease Degenerative Spinal Column Disease Epidural Hematoma Acute Non-Compressive Spinal Cord Lesions Acute Transverse Myelitis Vascular Infarction Cervical Spondylosis Other Causes Emergency Management in Acute Spinal Cord Dysfunction Acute Spinal Cord Injury Emergency Assessment Movement of the Patient Radiological Diagnosis Other Measures Other Complications Treatment8. Status Epilepticus Emergency Management Resuscitation Emergency Investigations Aetiology and Precipitating Factors Medical Complications Anticonvulsant Therapy Refractory Status Epilepticus Drug Treatment of Status Epilepticus in Children Further Reading9. Acute Respiratory Failure Due to Neurological Disease Diagnosis Respiratory Failure Underlying Neurological Disease Emergency Management Immediate Assessment of Ventilation Other Measures Investigations10. Brain Death Aetiology Evaluation of Clinical Neurological Status EEG Other Further ReadingIndex