Speech and Language

Speech and Language: Volume 3, Advances in Basic Research and Practice is a compendium of papers that discusses theories, clinical issues, and pathology of language and speech. Some papers discuss theories of phonological development, the encoding/decoding system of language, and the application of phonological universals in speech pathology. Other papers deal with the role of the speech-language clinician, a psychological framework for speech perception, and the formulation of a model for biomechanical analysis of velopharyngeal structure and function. Several papers analyze speech control mechanisms in skilled and non-skilled speakers, the rationale for the delayed auditory feedback (DAF) treatment program, and biofeedback in relation to speech pathology. One paper cites a study of Williams (1974) that shows strategies used in learning a new phonetic system depend upon whether the speaker is still within the critical period for language learning or already well beyond it. The paper notes that if adults can ignore their previously learned sound system and be childlike again in their freedom to experiment and be sensitivity to their own results, then they can achieve supra-segmental and segmental nuances of a new language. The compendium can prove helpful for linguists, ethnologists, psychologists, speech therapists, researchers in linguistics or communications, and general readers interested in speech or learning issues.

List of ContributorsPrefaceContents of Previous VolumesTheories of Phonological Development I. Introduction II. Early Theories of Phonological Development III. Current Theories of Phonological Development IV. Analysis of Phonological Theories V. Problems Facing Phonological Theorists ReferencesPhonology and Phonetics as Part of the Language Encoding/Decoding System I. Introduction II. Language as an Encoding/Decoding System III. Rules IV. Phonological and Phonetic Encoding V. Active Encoding/Decoding VI. Constraint and Inhibition VII. Time in Phonetics VIII. Production for Perception IX. Electrical to Mechanical Interface X. The Idealized Form XI. Departure from Ideal XII. Automatic Phonetics? XIII. Precision and Replication XIV. Invariance XV. Summary ReferencesThe Application of Phonological Universals in Speech Pathology I. Introduction II. How Phonological Universals Are Manifested III. Origin of Phonological Universals IV. Parallels V. What to Look for VI. The Auditory Basis of Speech: Suggestions for Therapeutic Methods VII. The Importance of Acoustic Modulations VIII. Conclusion ReferencesThe Pediatric Language Specialist: An Innovative Approach to Early Language Intervention and the Role of the Speech-Language Clinician I. Introduction II. Job Description of the Pediatric Language Specialist III. Language Differences versus Language Deficits IV. Preschool Programs: Head-Start and Day-Care Nursery Schools V. Compensatory Education and Bidialectal-Bicultural Teaching VI. Testing VII. Programming for Developmental Language VIII. Paralinguistics IX. Self-Concept and the Rosenthal Effect X. Summary Statement ReferencesSpeech Perception: A Framework for Research and Theory I. Introduction II. Pattern Recognition III. Contextual Influences IV. Summary ReferencesVelopharyngeal Structure and Function: A Model for Biomechanical Analysis I. Introduction II. The Eighteenth Century and Before III. The Nineteenth Century IV. Twentieth Century: The First Two Decades V. Wardill, Whillis, and Veau: 1928-1936 VI. The Next Ten Years: 1939-1949 VII. The Fifties: Beginnings Readdressed VIII. The Sixties: Complexity and Simplicity IX. The Seventies: Solutions and Debates X. Discussion XI. Potpourri XII. Considerations in Biomechanical Analysis ReferencesUse of Feedback in Established and Developing Speech I. Introduction II. Control Mechanisms for Speech III. Effects of Altered Feedback IV. Feedback during Speech Acquisition V. Control of Established Speech VI. Conclusion ReferencesDelayed Auditory Feedback and Stuttering: Theoretical and Clinical Implications I. Introduction II. DAF Effect with Normal Speakers III. DAF Effect with Stutterers IV. Discussion V. Conclusions Appendix: DAF Bibliography, 1965-1979 ReferencesBiofeedback: Theory and Application to Speech Pathology I. Introduction II. Speech Mechanisms as Closed-Cycle Systems III. Interruption of Established Feedback Systems IV. Biofeedback Intervention V. Applications in Speech Pathology VI. Potential Applications VII. Research Needs in Biofeedback VIII. Summary and Conclusions ReferencesIndex