The Oxford Handbook of Public Health Ethics

Natural disasters and cholera outbreaks. Ebola, SARS, and concerns over pandemic flu. HIV and AIDS. E. coli outbreaks from contaminated produce and fast foods. Threats of bioterrorism. Contamination of compounded drugs. Vaccination refusals and outbreaks of preventable diseases. These are just some of the headlines from the last 30-plus years highlighting the essential roles and responsibilities of public health, all of which come with ethical issues and the responsibilities they create.
Public health has achieved extraordinary successes. And yet these successes also bring with them ethical tension. Not all public health successes are equally distributed in the population; extraordinary health disparities between rich and poor still exist. The most successful public health programs sometimes rely on policies that, while improving public health conditions, also limit individual rights. Public health practitioners and policymakers face these and other questions of ethics routinely in their work, and they must navigate their sometimes competing responsibilities to the health of the public with other important societal values such as privacy, autonomy, and prevailing cultural norms.
This Oxford Handbook provides a sweeping and comprehensive review of the current state of public health ethics, addressing these and numerous other questions. Taking account of the wide range of topics under the umbrella of public health and the ethical issues raised by them, this volume is organized into fifteen sections. It begins with two sections that discuss the conceptual foundations, ethical tensions, and ethical frameworks of and for public health and how public health does its work. The thirteen sections that follow examine the application of public health ethics considerations and approaches across a broad range of public health topics. While chapters are organized into topical sections, each chapter is designed to serve as a standalone contribution. The book includes 73 chapters covering many topics from varying perspectives, a recognition of the diversity of the issues that define public health ethics in the U.S. and globally. This Handbook is an authoritative and indispensable guide to the state of public health ethics today.

Anna C. Mastroianni, JD, MPH, is Professor of Law at the University of Washington School of Law and Associate Director of the university's Institute for Public Health Genetics. She has additional faculty appointments in the university's School of Public Health (Health Services) and School of Medicine (Bioethics & Humanities; Pediatrics). She is Affiliate Faculty at the Treuman Katz Center for Pediatric Bioethics at Seattle Children's Hospital and Research Institute. Professor Mastroianni serves on international and US advisory committees, most recently for the Wellcome Trust, the Population Council, and the National Academy of Medicine. She is an elected Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, recognized for her contributions to health policy, law, and bioethics. https://www.law.uw.edu/directory/faculty/mastroianni-anna^ LJeffrey P. Kahn, PhD, MPH, is the Andreas C. Dracopoulos Director of the Johns Hopkins Berman Institute of Bioethics, and the Levi Professor of Bioethics and Public Policy. He is also Professor in the Department of Health Policy and Management in the Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health. He is an elected member of the National Academy of Medicine and an elected Fellow of the Hastings Center, and has chaired or served on committees and panels for the National Institutes of Health, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the National Academy of Medicine, where he is currently chair of the Board on Health Sciences Policy and the Committee on Aerospace Medicine and Medicine of Extreme Environments. https://bioethics.jhu.edu/people/profile/jeffrey-kahn/
Nancy E. Kass, ScD, is Vice Provost for Graduate and Professional Education, Johns Hopkins University and Phoebe R. Berman Professor of Bioethics and Public Health in the Johns Hopkins Berman Institute of Bioethics and the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, where she is also Professor of Health Policy and Management. Dr Kass spent a year on assignment as an expert at the World Health Organization in Geneva, and served as a consultant to the President's Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments, the National Bioethics Advisory Commission, and the National Academy of Sciences. She is Chair of NIH Precision Medicine Initiative Central IRB and previously co-chaired the National Cancer Institute Committee to develop Recommendations for Informed Consent Documents. She is an elected member of the National Academy of Medicine and an elected Fellow of the Hastings Center. https://bioethics.jhu.edu/people/profile/nancy-kass/

Public Health Ethics: An Introduction and Overview PART ONE - FOUNDATIONS Section One - Conceptual Foundations, Ethical Tensions, and Ethical Frameworks 1. An Overview of Conceptual Foundations, Ethical Tensions, and Ethical Frameworks in Public Health 2. Distinctive Challenges of Public Health Ethics 3. Public Health Programs and Policies: Ethical Justifications 4. Justice and Public Health 5. Human Rights and Public Health Ethics Section Two - How Public Health Does its Work 6. An Overview of Ethics and How Public Health Does its Work 7. The US Public Health System and Ethics 8. Public Health Interventions: Ethical Implications 9. The Intersection of Law, Ethics, and Public Health in the United States PART TWO - PUBLIC HEALTH TOPICS Section Three - Health Systems and Public Health 10. An Overview of the Ethics of Health Systems 11. Health Systems Stewardship, Governance, and Accountability: Issues of Public Health Ethics 12. Global Human Resources for Health: Ethical Aspects 13. Health Systems Research Ethics: Public Health Perspectives 14. The Learning Health Care System and Ethics: Challenges and Opportunities Section Four - Needs and Issues Related to Particular Populations 15. An Overview of Ethics Issues for Public Health in Particular Populations 16. Aging Populations and Public Health Ethics 17. Children, Adolescents, and Public Health: Ethical Considerations 18. Ethics in Mental Health Care: A Public Health Perspective 19. Persons with Disabilities and Public Health Ethics 20. Sexual and Gender Minorities, Public Health, and Ethics 21. Public Health in the Context of Migration: Ethics Issues Related to Immigrants and Refugees Section Five - Health Disparities 22. An Overview of Health Disparities in the Context of Public Health Ethics 23. Health Disparities and the Social Determinants of Health: Ethical and Social Justice Issues 24. Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities as a Public Health Ethics Issue 25. Reconciling Two Ethics Goals of Public Health: Reducing Health Disparities and Improving Population Health 26. Measuring Health Inequity: A Public Health Ethics Inquiry Section Six - Data Collection 27. An Overview of Ethics and Public Health Data Collection 28. Public Health Surveillance: Ethical Considerations 29. Framing Public Health Research Ethics 30. Community-Based Participatory Research: Ethical Considerations 31. Navigating the Ethics of Big Data in Public Health Section Seven -Sexual and Reproductive Health 32. An Overview of Sexual and Reproductive Health in the Context of Public Health Ethics 33. Sexually Transmitted Infections, Public Health, and Ethics 34. Contraception and Public Health Ethics 35. Abortion and Public Health Ethics 36. Access to Pregnancy-Related Services: Public Health Ethics Issues Section Eight - Communicable Diseases 37. An Overview of Ethics, Public Health, and Communicable Diseases 38. Immunization and Ethics: Beneficence, Coercion, Public Health, and the State 39. Prevention and Treatment of Tuberculosis in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Ethical Challenges 40. Control of Mosquito-Borne Illnesses: A Challenge to Public Health Ethics 41. Global HIV/AIDS Prevention and Treatment: Public Health Ethics Considerations Section Nine - Noncommunicable Diseases 42. An Overview of Ethics, Public Health, and Noncommunicable Diseases 43. Tobacco as a Matter of Public Health: Ethical Issues 44. Alcohol and Other Drugs: Public Health Ethics Issues 45. Global Public Health, Non-Communicable Diseases, and Ethics 46. Treating Cancer as a Public Health Ethics Issue Section Ten - Food, Water, and Nutrition 47. An Overview of Ethical Issues in Food, Water, and Nutrition in Public Health 48. Water, Justice, and Public Health 49. Malnutrition, Public Health, and Ethics 50. Obesity Prevention and Promotion of Good Nutrition: Public Health Ethics Issues Section Eleven - Injuries 51. An Overview of the Ethics of Injury in Public Health 52. Preventing Unintentional Injuries: Ethical Considerations in Public Health 53. Violence and Public Health Ethics Section Twelve - Genetics 54. An Overview of Ethics and Public Health Genetics 55. Eugenics and Public Health: Historical Connections and Ethical Implications 56. Newborn Screening in the United States: Ethical Issues 57. Public Health Genomics, Biobanking, and Ethics 58. Genetic Epidemiology, Infectious Disease, and Public Health Ethics Section Thirteen - Environmental Health 59. An Overview of Ethics and Environmental Health 60. Industrial Chemicals, Pesticides, Public Health and Ethics 61. Occupational Health and the Built Environment: Ethical Issues 62. Environmental Justice, Ethics, and Public Health 63. Energy, Emissions, and Public Health Ethics 64. Environmental Health Research and Ethics Section Fourteen - Emergency Preparedness and Response 65. An Overview of Public Health Ethics in Emergency Preparedness and Response 66. Biosecurity and Public Health Ethics Issues Raised by Biological Threats 67. Natural and Industrial Disaster Events, Public Health, and Ethics 68. Pandemic Disease, Public Health, and Ethics Section Fifteen - Public Health Policy and Politics 69. An Overview of Ethics, Public Health Policy, and Politics 70. Global Development, Global Public Health, and Ethics 71. Responsible Resource Allocation, Public Health Stewardship, and Ethics 72. The Political Economy of Public Health: Challenges for Ethics 73. Incorporating Ethics in Policy Change and Health Reform