The Patient Factor

Patients are increasingly encouraged to take an active role in managing their health and health care. New technologies, cultural shifts, trends in healthcare delivery, and policies have brought to the forefront the "work" patients, families, and other non-professionals perform in the pursuit of health. This volume closely examines notable application areas for the emerging discipline of Patient Ergonomics - the science of patient work. The Patient Factor: Applications of Patient Ergonomics, Volume II reviews the definition of Patient Ergonomics and discusses the application of Patient Ergonomics across contexts. It analyzes patient work performed in emergency departments, transitions of care, home and community settings, retail pharmacies, and online communities. It also examines applications to groups including veterans, pediatric patients, older adults, the underserved, and people engaged in health promotion. The Patient Factor is ideal for academics working in health care and patient-centered research, their students, human factors practitioners working in healthcare organizations or at technology companies, frontline healthcare professionals, and leaders of healthcare delivery organizations.

Rupa S. Valdez: Dr. Valdez is Associate Professor at the University of Virginia jointly appointed in the Schools of Medicine and Engineering and Applied Sciences. She is also affiliated with Global Studies and the Disability Studies Initiative. Dr. Valdez merges human factors engineering, health informatics, and cultural anthropology to understand and support the ways in which people manage health at home and in the community. Her research and teaching focus on underserved populations, including populations that are racial/ethnic minorities, of low socioeconomic status, and/or living with disabilities. Her work draws heavily on community engagement and has been supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), and the National Science Foundation (NSF), among others. She serves as Division Chair of Internal Affairs for the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (HFES) and as Associate Editor for Journal of American Medical Informatics Association (JAMIA) Open. She is the founder and president of Blue Trunk Foundation, a nonprofit dedicated to making it easier for people with chronic health conditions, disabilities, and age-related conditions to travel. Dr. Valdez lives with multiple chronic health conditions and disabilities, which have and continue to influence her work and advocacy. Richard J. Holden: Dr. Holden is Associate Professor of Medicine at the Indiana University (IU) School of Medicine and the Chief Healthcare Engineer at the IU Center for Health Innovation and Implementation Science. He earned a joint PhD in Industrial Engineering and Psychology from the University of Wisconsin. He founded and directs the Health Innovation Lab and co-directs the Brain Safety Lab. Dr. Holden's research applies human-centered design and evaluation methods to improve health outcomes, especially for older adults. He specializes in research on technology for patients with chronic diseases, such as dementia and heart failure, and their family caregivers. He is a scientist in the Regenstrief Institute and in 2020 received the 2019 Outstanding Investigator Award and the Regenstrief Institute Venture Fellowship. Dr. Holden has led or played key roles in over 20 federally funded research and demonstration projects, totaling over $75 million. He has authored over 150 peer-reviewed works in the fields of human factors engineering, patient safety and quality, health informatics, and research methods. He is most proud of being an innovator, mentor, and connector of dots.

1 Patient Ergonomics: Attending to the Context of Settings and Populations 2.A Human Factors and Ergonomics Approach to Understanding the Patient Experience in Emergency Medicine 3.The Patient Ergonomics Approach to Care Transitions: Care Transitions as a Patient Journey 4.Patient Ergonomics in the Wild: Tailoring Patient Ergonomics Models and Methods to Home and Community Settings 5.Community Retail Pharmacies: The Incipiency of Patient Ergonomics Research in the Retail Pharmacy Setting 6.Online Communities and Social Networks: Considering Human Factors and Patient Ergonomics 7.Designing for Veterans: A Participatory Ergonomics Approach to Design a Mental Health Self-Management Tool 8.Patient Ergonomics in Pediatric Settings 9.Understanding the Patient, Wellness, and Caregiving Work of Older Adults 10.Underserved Populations: Integrating Social Determinants of Health into the Study of Patient Work 11.Health Promotion: Patient Self-Management, Cognitive Work Analysis, and Persuasive Design 12.Key Takeaways for Applying Patient Ergonomics Across Settings and Populations