The Routledge International Handbook of Harmful Cultural Practices

This handbook looks at cross-cultural work on harmful cultural practices considered gendered forms of abuse of women. These include Female Genital Mutilation (FGM), virginity testing, hymenoplasty, genital cosmetic surgery and child marriage.

Maria Jaschok is Senior Research Associate of Contemporary China Studies in the Oxford School of Global and Area Studies. Professor Jaschok's research interests are in the areas of religion, gender, and agency; gendered constructions of memory; feminist aural ethnography; and marginality and identity. Since 1994, her research in central China has become increasingly focused on the historical intersections of Islam, gender, and spatial identity. U. H. Ruhina Jesmin, PhD, Professor, English Discipline, Khulna University, Bangladesh, has been teaching literature since 2012. She publishes research articles and book reviews in indexed journals, including the Web of Science and Scopus, among others, and reviews journal articles for Taylor & Francis. Her research mostly focuses on African American literature, Alice Walker's novels, FGM in memoir and fiction, and intersections of race, gender, and sexuality studies. Tobe Levin von Gleichen, PhD, has been, since 1977, an international scholar and activist against female genital mutilation. She was a visiting research fellow with IGS, Lady Margaret Hall, University of Oxford, 2014-2016. Since 2006, she has been an associate of the Hutchins Center for African and African American Research, Harvard University. In 2009, she launched UnCUT/VOICES Press specializing in books on FGM, and cofounded FORWARD (in Germany) in 1998. Comfort Momoh, MBE, is FGM Consultant/Public Health Specialist with extensive experience of holistic, women-centered care and 35 years' experience working for the National Health Service (NHS). Dr Momoh researches women's health and campaigns with vehemence against domestic violence, for women's and children's rights, and to eradicate FGM. In 2008, she was honored for her expertise and dedication by HRH Queen Elizabeth II, who made her a Member of the British Empire (MBE), and by Middlesex University, who awarded her an honorary doctorate.

Part One: Discourses and Epistemological Faultlines. 1.Constructing Excision, Writing Pain. 2.Reflections on Femininity and FGM. 3.FGM/C and the Female Perpetrator: Analysis of an Underdeveloped Figure. 4.The Archaeology of Female Genital Mutilation in German National Politics: "We-groups", othering, and the pertinence of intersecting discourses "FGM and Femininity". Part Two: FGM and Related Patriarchal Inscriptions. 5.Trends in Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting: A qualitative investigation focusing on mothers of circumcised Nigerian girls. 6.The British Campaign to Ban Virginity Testing and Hymenoplasty. 7.Is it really "easier to dig a hole than build a pole"? Feminist reflections on genital surgery for children born with ambiguous genitalia. Part Three: Gender and Genitalia. 8.Circumcision as Inscriptions of Gender: Implications of Eradication or Sustenance. 9.Patriarchal Inscription on African Women: Negotiating Zero Tolerance for FGM. 10.Marginalization of community voices in fighting female circumcision. Part Four: Female Bodies and Body Politics: Economics, Law, Health, and Human Rights. 11.What did the judge say? A comparative analysis of selected FGM case law in high-income & low-income countries. 12.FGM Studies: Economics, Public Health, and Societal Wellbeing. 13.FGM - Health, law, education and sustainable goals through upstream and downstream approaches. 14.Reclaiming Autonomy of Body: Comparing Memoirs by Khady Koïta and Hibo Wardere. 15.Emotional and behavioral consequences of FGM/C among West African women residents in the United States. 16.FGM in one of the world's richest countries: the case of Singapore. Part Five: Placing Engagement, Innovation, Impact, Care. 17."The law against Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) can scare people from performing FGM, but it doesn't change their attitudes": Findings of a qualitative study in Leeds, United Kingdom. 18.Morbidity due to Female Genital Mutilation: A Scoping Review. 19.Female Genital Mutilation in African and African Diaspora Memoir and Fiction. 20.Assessment of oral media utilization on 'female circumcision' among the Abagusii of Kenya. Part Six: Words and Texts to Shatter Silence. 21.Voices to End Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting: Using Digital Storytelling to End a Harmful Social Norm. 22.FGM in Germany in the Context of Migration. 23.'I'm going to be judged for having FGM': national health service experiences described by women affected by female genital mutilation in the United Kingdom and Europe. 24."This is not my fatherland." Female Genital Mutilation: Stories from the lives of Nigerian exiles in Italy.