Fundamental Physics of Radiology

Fundamental Physics of Radiology focuses on how radiation is produced, how the rays interact and affect irradiated material, and the principles underlying the apparatus being used. The publication first takes a look at matter and energy, radiation, and spectra, atoms and nuclei, and radioactivity, including electromagnetic radiation, waves and photons, atomic and nuclear structures, and electromagnetic spectrum. The text also ponders on radioactive materials and the effects and production of X-rays. The text examines the measurement of X-ray quantity, roentgen and its measurement, and the Geiger-Müller and scintillation counters, as well as departmental chambers, instruments in practice, and 'free-air' chamber. The manuscript also elaborates on properties of X-ray film, intensifying and fluorescent screens, effect of X-ray absorption on radiographic image, and effects and control of scattered radiation. The publication is a dependable reference for physicists and readers interested in radiology.

ContentsPreface Section I. General Physics I. Matter and Energy, Radiation and Spectra II. Atoms and Nuclei III. Radioactivity IV. Radioactivity Materials V. The Production of X-Rays VI. The Interaction of X-And Gamma Rays with Matter I VII. The Interaction of X-And Gamma Rays with Matter II VIII. The Effects of X-Rays IX. The Measurement of X-Ray Quantity X. The Roentgen and Its Measurement X. The Geiger-Müller and Scintillation Counters XII. Absorbed Dose and the Rad XIII. Filters and FiltrationSection II. Diagnostic Radiology XIV. The Physical Basis of Diagnostic Radiology XV. The X-Ray Film and Its Processing XVI. The Properties of The X-Ray Film XVII. Intensifying and Fluorescent Screens XVIII. Geometric Factors Which Influence The Radiographic Image XIX. The Effect of X-Ray Absorption On The Radiographic Image XX. The Effects and Control of Scattered Radiation XXI. The Radiographic Exposure XXII. The Diagnostic X-Ray Tube and Shield XXIII. The Electrical Circuits of The X-Ray Unit XXIV. The Rating of The X-Ray Tube XXV. Fluoroscopy XXVI. Tomography Section III. Radiotherapy XXVII. The Physical Principles of Radiotherapy XXVIII. Teletherapy Dosage Data: General Considerations XXI. Teletherapy Dosage Data For Clinical Use XXX. Output Measurements and the Use of Isodose Charts XXXI. Patient Dosage XXXII. Beam Modification XXXIII. Collimators and 'Beam-Direction' Devices XXXIV. Some Special Techniques and Alternative Radiations XXX. Teletherapy Sources XXXVI. Acceptance Tests and Calibration XXXVII. Radium and Radon Sources For Plesiotherapy XXXVIII. Plesiotherapy Dosage Calculations and Some Alternative Gamma-Ray Sources XXXI. Radioactive Isotopes In Clinical Medicine Section IV. Radiation Protection XL. General Principles and Materials XLI. Departmental Protection XLII. Protection Instruments and Personnel Monitoring Appendix I Appendix IIIndex