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The book is a comparative history of twentieth-century Cuban campesinos in two regions in Cuba marked by extreme differences in race, gender, and land tenure: Oriente and Escambray. It explores the ways these differences articulated with state formation from the pre-revolutionary period of 1934-1959 and then 1959-1974 and seeks to explain why campesinos in Escambray, having been active in the insurrection against Batista, later turned to stage a massive counter-revolution against the government headed by Fidel Castro. Although campesinos in both regions had been equally ignored by pre-1959 governments for different reasons, they developed two distinct understandings of what the role of the state should be in response to political neglect. Rich archival sources-many of which have not been accessed previously-document the unique shape of land struggles in each region in the 1930s through the 1950s. The author argues that because of the way race and gender and a collectivist land tenure tradition in Oriente mapped nicely onto the goals of the 1959 Revolution, Oriente became a kind of revolutionary showcase. In Escambray, on the other hand, a construct of white masculinity, tied to private property ownership, directly contravened the goals of the Revolution, which fueled the counter-revolution and also led to brutal state repression in the area.
Joanna Swanger is associate professor and director of the Peace and Global Studies Program at Earlham College.
Introduction: Rebel Lands of Cuba: The Campesino Struggles of Oriente and Escambray, 1934-1974
Chapter One: Setting the Scene: Life at the Local Level, 1934-1958
Chapter Two: Guajiro, Redeemer of the Nation: White Masculinity and State Formation, 1934-1952
Chapter Three: Organization and Collective Resistance in Oriente, 1934-1956
Chapter Four: Atomized Land Battles in Escambray, 1934-1952
Chapter Five: The Insurrection
Chapter Six: Oriente: The Revolutionary Showcase
Chapter Seven: Counter-revolution in Escambray: Interregnum and Reconquest
Epilogue: The Grupo Teatro Escambray
