Magnesium in Human Health and Disease

Magnesium is an essential mineral which is required for growth and survival of humans. Since magnesium is a mineral and not synthesizable it must be obtained through dietary foods and/or supplements. Magnesium in Human Health and Disease reviews the benefits of magnesium supplementation to reach recommended intakes as well as provides new research that suggests how reaching levels above the recommended intakes can promote health and treat various diseases. Magnesium deficiency can cause low serum potassium and calcium levels, retention of sodium, and low circulating levels of regulatory hormones. These changes in nutrients cause neurological and muscular symptoms such as tremor and muscle spasms. Further magnesium deficiency causes loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, personality changes and death from heart failure. Causes of magnesium deficiency include alcohol abuse, poorly controlled diabetes, excessive or chronic vomiting and/or diarrhea. Thus the effects of inadequate and deficient intakes or levels of magnesium is critical to health and are reviewed by the expert clinicians in this book. Magnesium in Human Health and Disease provides the most current research to support the potential benefits or lack thereof for normal and high supplementation with magnesium.  Animal model research and early human trials are reviewed to document other disease states such as hypertension, cholesterol level, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease that would benefit from increased magnesium.

Section A  - Introduction and mechanism of action                        1          Clinical Assessment of Magnesium Status in the Adult: An Overview         Adel A. A. Ismail            Yasmin Ismail, MD, MRCP            Abbas A Ismail, MSc, MD, FRCP 2          Dietary Mg Intake and Biomarkers of Inflammation and Endothelial Dysfunction  Simin Liu            Sara A. Chacko 3.         Magnesium Role in Cytokine Regulation  of Hypoxic Placentas Related  to Certain Placental Pathology      Tamar Eshkoli            Valeria Feinshtein            Alaa Amash            Eyal Sheiner             Mahmoud Huleihel            Gershon Holcberg  Section B - Magnesium Status in Disease                     4          Magnesium Links to Asthma Control       Alexandra Kazaks                         5          Magnesium and Kidney Disease Ioannis P Tzanakis             Dimitrios G Oreopoulos             6          Magnesium Intake, Genetic Variants, and Diabetes Risk        Yiqing Song            Cuilin Zhang            Lu Wang            Qi Dai            Simin Liu  7.         Magnesium Deficiency in Type 2 Diabetes        Dharam Paul Chaudhary Section C - Magnesium Supplementation and Disease            8          Magnesium and Metabolic Disorders      Abby Duffine            Stella Lucia Volpe 9          Magnesium and diabetes prevention      Akiko Nanri            Tetsuya Mizoue 10        Magnesium Supplementation and Bone            Hasan Aydin 11        Protective Functions of Magnesium Salts in Cancer Patients            Gabriel Wcislo            Lubomir Bodnar  Section D - Cardiovascular Disease and Magnesium                    12        Magnesium and Hypertension      Mark Houston                        13        The Role of Magnesium in the Cardiovascular SystemMichael Schecter            Alon Schecter 14        Vascular biology of magnesium- implications in cardiovascular disease            Tayze T AntunesGlaucia CalleraRhian M Touyz 15        Intravenous Magnesium for Cardiac Arrhythmias in Humans: A Role?       Kwok Ho   Section F - Magnesium and Neurological Function  16        Magnesium in inflammation-associated fetal brain injury       Christopher Wayock            Elisabeth Nigrini            Ernest Graham            Michael V. Johnston            Irina Burd 17        Magnesium and Its Interdependency with Other Cations in Acute and Chronic Stressor States            Babatunde O. Komolafe, MD            M. Usman Khan, MD            Rami N. Khouzam, MD            Dwight A. Dishmon, MD            Kevin P. Newman, MD            Jesse E. McGee, MD            Syamal K. Bhattacharya, PhD            Karl T. Weber, MD 18        Magnesium and traumatic brain injury    Renee J Turner            Robert Vink  19        Magnesium in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage - from Bench to Bedside           J. H. Zhang              Jack Hou 20        Alcohol and Magnesium    Teresa Kokot            EWA  NOWAKOWSKA-ZAJDEL            Mägorzata Muc-Wierzgo-            El-bieta Grochowska-Niedworok