Oxford Handbook of Causal Reasoning

Causal reasoning is one of our most central cognitive competencies, enabling us to adapt to our world. Causal knowledge allows us to predict future events, or diagnose the causes of observed facts. We plan actions and solve problems using knowledge about cause-effect relations. Although causal reasoning is a component of most of our cognitive functions, it has been neglected in cognitive psychology for many decades. The Oxford Handbook of Causal Reasoning offers a state-of-the-art review of the growing field, and its contribution to the world of cognitive science.The Handbook begins with an introduction of competing theories of causal learning and reasoning. In the next section, it presents research about basic cognitive functions involved in causal cognition, such as perception, categorization, argumentation, decision-making, and induction. The following section examines research on domains that embody causal relations, including intuitive physics, legal and moral reasoning, psychopathology, language, social cognition, and the roles of space and time. The final section presents research from neighboring fields that study developmental, phylogenetic, and cultural differences in causal cognition. The chapters, each written by renowned researchers in their field, fill in the gaps of many cognitive psychology textbooks, emphasizing the crucial role of causal structures in our everyday lives. This Handbook is an essential read for students and researchers of the cognitive sciences, including cognitive, developmental, social, comparative, and cross-cultural psychology; philosophy; methodology; statistics; artificial intelligence; and machine learning.

Michael R. Waldmann, PhD, is Professor of Psychology at the University of Göttingen, Germany. He has received the early career research award from the German Society for Psychology, and is a Fellow of APS. Currently he is serving as an associate editor of the Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, and as chair of the Scientific Advisory Board of the Max Planck Institute of Human Development, Berlin. The focus of his research is on higher-level cognitive processes across different species and cultures.

Contents
1. Causal Reasoning: An Introduction
Michael R. WaldmannPart I Theories of Causal Cognition
2. Associative Accounts of Causal Cognition
Mike E. Le Pelley, Oren Griffiths, and Tom Beesley
3. Rules of Causal Judgment: Mapping Statistical Information Onto Causal Beliefs
José C. Perales, Andrés Catena, Antonio Cándido, and Antonio Maldonado
4. The Inferential Reasoning Theory of Causal Learning: Toward a Multi- Process Propositional Account
Yannick Boddez, Jan DeHouwer, and Tom Beckers
5. Causal Invariance as an Essential Constraint for Creating a Causal Representation of the World: Generalizing the Invariance of Causal Power
Patricia W. Cheng and Hongjing Lu
6. The Acquisition and Use of Causal Structure Knowledge
Benjamin Margolin Rottman
7. Formalizing Prior Knowledge in Causal Induction
Thomas L. Griffiths
8. Causal Mechanisms
Samuel G.B. Johnson and Woo-kyoung Ahn
9. Force Dynamics and Causation
Phillip Wolff and Robert Thorstad
10. Mental Models and Causation
P.N. Johnson Laird and Sangeet S. Khemlani
11. Pseudocontingencies
Klaus Fiedlerand Florian Kutzner
12. Singular Causation
David Danks
13. Cognitive Neuroscience of Causal Reasoning
Joachim T. Operskalski and Aron K. Barbey
Part II: Basic Cognitive Functions
14. Visual Impressions of Causality
Peter White
15. Goal-Directed Actions
Bernhard Hommel
16. Planning and Control
Magda Osman
17. Reinforcement Learning and Causal Models
Samuel J. Gershman
18. Causation and the Probability of Causal Conditionals
David E. Over
19. Causal Models and Conditional Reasoning
Mike Oaksford and Nick Chater
20. Concepts as Causal Models: Categorization
Bob Rehder
21. Concepts as Causal Models: Inductions
Bob Rehder
22. Causal Explanation
Tania Lombrozo and Nadya Vasilyeva
23. Diagnostic Reasoning
Björn Meder and Ralf Mayrhofer
24. Inferring Causal Relations by Analogy
Keith J. Holyoak and Hee Seung Lee
25. Causal Argument
Ulrike Hahn, Roland Bluhm, and Frank Zenker
26. Causality in Decision Making
York Hagmayer and Philip M. Fernbach
Part III: Domains of Causal Reasoning
27. Intuitive Theories
Tobias Gerstenberg and Joshua B. Tenenbaum
28. Space, Time, and Causality
Marc J. Buehner
29. Causation in Legal and Moral Reasoning
David A. Lagnado and Tobias Gerstenberg
30. The Role of Causal Knowledge in Reasoning About Mental Disorders
Woo-kyoung Ahn, Nancy S. Kim, and Matthew S. Lebowitz
31. Causality and Causal Reasoning in Natural Language
Torgrim Solstad and Oliver Bott
32. Social Attribution and Explanation
Denis Hilton
Part IV: Development, Phylogeny, and Culture
33. The Development of Causal Reasoning
Paul Muentener and Elizabeth Bonawitz
34. Causal Reasoning in Non-Human Animals
Christian Schloegl and Julia Fischer
35. Causal Cognition and Culture
Andrea Bender, Sieghard Beller, and Douglas L. Medin
Index