The Oxford Handbook of Causal Reasoning

Causal reasoning is one of our most central cognitive competencies, enabling us to adapt to our world. Causal knowledge allows us to predict future events, or diagnose the causes of observed facts. We plan actions and solve problems using knowledge about cause-effect relations. Although causal reasoning is a component of most of our cognitive functions, it has been neglected in cognitive psychology for many decades. The Oxford Handbook of Causal Reasoning offers a state-of-the-art review of the growing field, and its contribution to the world of cognitive science.The Handbook begins with an introduction of competing theories of causal learning and reasoning. In the next section, it presents research about basic cognitive functions involved in causal cognition, such as perception, categorization, argumentation, decision-making, and induction. The following section examines research on domains that embody causal relations, including intuitive physics, legal and moral reasoning, psychopathology, language, social cognition, and the roles of space and time. The final section presents research from neighboring fields that study developmental, phylogenetic, and cultural differences in causal cognition. The chapters, each written by renowned researchers in their field, fill in the gaps of many cognitive psychology textbooks, emphasizing the crucial role of causal structures in our everyday lives. This Handbook is an essential read for students and researchers of the cognitive sciences, including cognitive, developmental, social, comparative, and cross-cultural psychology; philosophy; methodology; statistics; artificial intelligence; and machine learning.

Michael R. Waldmann, PhD, is Professor of Psychology at the University of Göttingen, Germany. He has received the early career research award from the German Society for Psychology, and is a Fellow of APS. Currently he is serving as an associate editor of the Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, and as chair of the Scientific Advisory Board of the Max Planck Institute of Human Development, Berlin. The focus of his research is on higher-level cognitive processes across different species and cultures.

Contents
1. Causal Reasoning: An Introduction Michael R. Waldmann
Part I: Theories of Causal Cognition 2. Associative Accounts of Causal Cognition Mike E. Le Pelley, Oren Griffiths, and Tom Beesley3. Rules of Causal Judgment: Mapping Statistical Information Onto Causal Beliefs José C. Perales, Andrés Catena, Antonio Cándido, and Antonio Maldonado4. The Inferential Reasoning Theory of Causal Learning: Toward a Multi- Process Propositional Account Yannick Boddez, Jan De Houwer, and Tom Beckers5. Causal Invariance as an Essential Constraint for Creating a Causal Representation of the World: Generalizing the Invariance of Causal Power Patricia W. Cheng and Hongjing Lu6. The Acquisition and Use of Causal Structure Knowledge Benjamin Margolin Rottman7. Formalizing Prior Knowledge in Causal Induction Thomas L. Griffiths8. Causal Mechanisms Samuel G. B. Johnson and Woo-kyoung Ahn9. Force Dynamics and Causation Phillip Wolff and Robert Thorstad10. Mental Models and Causation P. N. Johnson- Laird and Sangeet S. Khemlani11. Pseudocontingencies Klaus Fiedler and Florian Kutzner12. Singular Causation David Danks13. Cognitive Neuroscience of Causal Reasoning Joachim T. Operskalski and Aron K. Barbey
Part II: Basic Cognitive Functions 14. Visual Impressions of Causality Peter White15. Goal-Directed Actions Bernhard Hommel16. Planning and Control Magda Osman17. Reinforcement Learning and Causal Models Samuel J. Gershman18. Causation and the Probability of Causal Conditionals David E. Over19. Causal Models and Conditional Reasoning Mike Oaksford and Nick Chater20. Concepts as Causal Models: Categorization Bob Rehder21. Concepts as Causal Models: Induction Bob Rehder22. Causal Explanation Tania Lombrozo and Nadya Vasilyeva23. Diagnostic Reasoning Björn Meder and Ralf Mayrhofer24. Inferring Causal Relations by Analogy Keith J. Holyoak and Hee-Seung Lee25. Causal Argument Ulrike Hahn, Roland Bluhm, and Frank Zenker26. Causality in Decision- Making York Hagmayer and Philip M. Fernbach
Part III: Domains of Causal Reasoning 27. Intuitive Theories Tobias Gerstenberg and Joshua B. Tenenbaum28. Space, Time, and Causality Marc J. Buehner29. Causation in Legal and Moral Reasoning David A. Lagnado and Tobias Gerstenberg30. The Role of Causal Knowledge in Reasoning About Mental Disorders Woo-kyoung Ahn, Nancy S. Kim, and Matthew S. Lebowitz31. Causality and Causal Reasoning in Natural Language Torgrim Solstad and Oliver Bott32. Social Attribution and Explanation Denis Hilton
Part IV: Development, Phylogeny, and Culture33. The Development of Causal Reasoning Paul Muentener and Elizabeth Bonawitz34. Causal Reasoning in Non-Human Animals Christian Schloegl and Julia Fischer35. Causal Cognition and Culture Andrea Bender, Sieghard Beller, and Douglas L. Medin
Index