Sex, Gender Identity and Sport

This thought-provoking book takes a critical look at the relationship between biological sex and gender identity in the context of sport and considers the consequent implications for sport policy. It argues that biological sex is essential to an understanding of female athletes and sport participants, including the sex gap in sports performance, the history of female exclusion from sport, and the importance of the female sport category in relation to equal human rights, competitive opportunities and fairness for girls and women. This book features the work of leading international scholars and practitioners working in a variety of disciplines, including sport history, sport medicine, sport philosophy, sport physiology, sport policy and sport sociology, as well as equality, discrimination and human rights law. It examines the history of sex and gender in sport and introduces the fundamental anatomy, physiology and biomechanics of the female athlete, as well as the science of testosterone suppression, supplementation and disorders/differences of sex development (DSD). It also explores the theoretical debates around sex, gender identity and trans athletes in sport, including categorisation by sex, and considers their significance in terms of international and domestic sport policy, discrimination, fair competition and human rights. Centring the female athlete as the majority stakeholder in decisions regarding eligibility for the female category, this book is essential reading for anybody with an interest in women's sport, social issues in sport, sport science, sport policy or gender studies.

Cathy Devine is an independent researcher, former senior lecturer at the University of Cumbria, UK (1995-2017), and erstwhile secretary of the British Philosophy of Sport Association. She previously worked at the National Coaching Foundation, and at the National Federation of Women's Institutes as Head of Sport. Her research focuses on the human rights of girls and women in sport.

PART I Context 1 Introduction Cathy Devine 2 The impact of sex and gender in the history of women's sport participation Carol A. Osborne 3 Bridging the gap between the sexes in physical activity Marie Murphy and Nanette Mutrie PART II Biology 4 The biological life phases of active and athletic women Kerry McGawley, Claire Badenhorst and Georgina K. Stebbings 5 The physiological basis of sex differences in sports performance and the effects of testosterone suppression and supplementation Georgina K. Stebbings and Kerry McGawley 6 Athletes with disorders/differences of sex development Cathy Devine PART III Theory 7 Materialist feminism, gender identity theory and sport: Irreconcilable differences Jane Clare Jones and Cathy Devine 8 The sex category in sport Irena Martínková, Taryn Knox, Lynley Anderson and Jim Parry 9 Human rights, goods and preferences in sport Leslie A. Howe PART IV Policy, law and human rights 10 International sport policy Cathy Devine 11 National sport policy Cathy Devine 12 Sport and UK law Naomi Cunningham and Michael Foran 13 Human rights, sex, gender identity and sport Cathy Devine Female athletes' voices and conclusions 14 Centring the female athlete voice on sex, gender identity and sport: An in-depth survey of 25 current and former female Canadian high-performance athletes Cathy Devine 15 Ten elite female Canadian current and former athletes' perspectives on transgender eligibility for elite sport: A qualitative analysis using semi-structured interviews Cathy Devine 16 Conclusions Cathy Devine