The Handbook of Asian Intelligence Cultures

As Asia increases in economic and geopolitical significance, it is necessary to better understand the region's intelligence cultures. The Handbook of Asian Intelligence Cultures explores the historical and contemporary influences that have shaped Asian intelligence cultures as well as the impact intelligence service have had on domestic and foreign affairs. In examining thirty Asian countries, it considers the roles, practices, norms and oversight of Asia's intelligence services, including the ends to which intelligence tools are applied. The book argues that there is no archetype of Asian intelligence culture due to the diversity of history, government type and society found in Asia. Rather, it demonstrates how Asian nations' histories, cultures and governments play vital roles in intelligence cultures. This book is a valuable study for scholars of intelligence and security services in Asia, shedding light on understudied countries and identifying opportunities for future scholarship.

Ryan Shaffer is a historian with expertise on political violence and security. He has a PhD in history and has written for international magazines, including Reader's Digest and Homeland Security Today, and his academic research has appeared in journals, such as Intelligence and National Security and the Journal of Intelligence History. His books include African Intelligence Services: Early Postcolonial and Contemporary Challenges and The Handbook of African Intelligence Cultures.

Acknowledgements
Introduction - Ryan Shaffer
Chapter 1: Afghanistan: The Graveyard of Intelligence Empires- Owen Sirrs
Chapter 2: Bangladesh: Intelligence Culture and Reform Priorities - ASM Ali Ashraf
Chapter 3: Bhutan: An Intelligence Culture amidst Regional Geopolitics - Praveen Kumar
Chapter 4: Brunei: A Royal Intelligence Culture - Ryan Shaffer
Chapter 5: Cambodia: Intelligence Mission-Regime Security - Paul Chambers
Chapter 6: China: The Fearful Intelligence Culture - Matthew Brazil
Chapter 7: India: Managing Challenges in an Evolving Security Environment - Sameer Patil and Arun Vishwanathan
Chapter 8: Indonesia: Intelligence Culture in Turbulent Times - Mark Briskey
Chapter 9: Japan: The Rise, Fall and Reinvention of the Intelligence Community - Richard J. Samuels
Chapter 10: Kazakhstan: A Circular Revolution in Intelligence Culture - Elizabeth Van Wie Davis
Chapter 11: Kyrgyzstan: Seeking Stability in a Complex Region - Réjeanne Lacroix
Chapter 12: Laos: Intelligence Culture with Internal Threats and External Actors - Hans Lipp
Chapter 13: Malaysia: Between Untenable Intelligence Tradition and Unrealized Reform - Scott Edwards
Chapter 14: Maldives: Connections Between Intelligence Culture and Oversight - Abdulla Phairoosch
Chapter 15: Mongolia: Democratization and Intelligence - Jargalsaikhan Mendee, Adiya Tuvshintugs and Julian Dierkes
Chapter 16: Myanmar: Security through Surveillance - Prem Mahadevan
Chapter 17: Nepal: A Developing Intelligence Culture - Bishnu Raj Upreti
Chapter 18: North Korea: An Agile and Adaptable National Intelligence System - Joseph Fitsanakis
Chapter 19: Pakistan: The Multidimensional Culture of the Inter-Services Intelligence - Nasir Mehmood
Chapter 20: The Philippines: Knowing, Hurting and Intelligence Culture - Amador IV Peleo
Chapter 21: Singapore: Developing Intelligence Power from Third World to First - Alexander Nicholas Shaw
Chapter 22: South Korea: The Outsize Influence of the National Intelligence Service - Charlie Lizza
Chapter 23: Sri Lanka: The Evolution of an Offensive Intelligence Culture - Rohan Gunaratna and Bodhana Perera
Chapter 24: Taiwan: An Intelligence Community in Constant Transformation - Hon-min Yau
Chapter 25: Tajikistan: Post-Soviet Intelligence Culture in a Fractured State - Michael Yerushalmi
Chapter 26: Thailand: From Cold War Intelligence to Cyber Surveillance - Michael Landon-Murray and Dao Henry
Chapter 27: Timor-Leste: An Intelligence Culture Developing and Overcoming Politicization - Agnes E. Venema
Chapter 28: Turkmenistan: Analysis of an Enigmatic Intelligence Culture - Réjeanne Lacroix
Chapter 29: Uzbekistan: Political Economy of the Intelligence Services - Evrim Gormus
Chapter 30: Vietnam: Intelligence-Led Policing Culture at the Borderland - Hai Thanh Luong
About the Authors
Index