Mehrdimensionale Diskriminierungen

Luisa Lehning examines the doctrinal legal treatment of the concept of intersectionality, taking account of structures of discrimination. At the center of her analysis is the question of whether the categorical framework of German constitutional and anti-discrimination law can adequately capture the disadvantages faced by persons who are marginalized in multiple ways. After introducing the key concepts, she explains the possibility and the necessity of a multidimensional interpretation of Article 3(3) of the Basic Law. With regard to legal conceptualization, she analyzes post-categorical approaches such as the anti-stereotyping approach and the concept of vulnerability. She then poses the question to what extent doctrinal tools-such as conflicts and cumulations of fundamental rights and additive interferences with fundamental rights-originally developed for liberty rights, can be transferred. Her starting point is the "shadow existence" often attributed to equality rights in the Basic Law and in constitutional jurisprudence. This is reflected in the frequent prioritization of liberty rights over equality rights and in a less developed body of equality doctrine. As a result, the dimension of disadvantage, which is particularly relevant for minority groups, recedes into the background. Ultimately, the author develops a doctrinal framework capable of identifying multidimensional forms of unequal treatment that have so far been insufficiently recognized in law and of determining their specific intensity for members of marginalized groups.

Born 1997; studied law at Leipzig University and at Eötvös Loránd University in Budapest; 2021 First State Examination in Law; research assistant at the Chair of Public Law, Legal and Constitutional History, and Legal Philosophy at the University of Jena; 2025 PhD; legal clerkship at the Kammergericht Berlin; research assistant at the Chair of Public Law and Foundations of Law at the University of Greifswald.

Einleitung
Kapitel 1: Grundlagen der mehrdimensionalen Diskriminierung
A. Gleichheit, Diversität und Diskriminierungen
B. Intersektionalität und mehrdimensionale Diskriminierung
C. Gleichheitssätze des Art. 3 GG
D. Weitere Diskriminierungsverbote
Kapitel 2: Möglichkeiten und Grenzen eines mehrdimensionalen Verständnisses von Art. 3 Abs. 3 GG
A. Verteilung der Deutungshoheit
B. Mehrdimensionales Verständnis von Art. 3 Abs. 3 GG als Ergebnis dynamischer Grundrechtsinterpretation
C. Individualisierung oder Abstrahierung von Identität?
Kapitel 3: Beispiele mehrdimensionaler Fallkonstellationen
A. "Kopftuchverbote"
B. Frauen mit Behinderung
C. Intersektion von Geschlecht und Alter
D. Zwangssterilisierung von Romnja
E. Racial Profiling
F. Geschlechtsspezifische Migrationsregelungen
G. Intersektionalität und Intertemporalität
Kapitel 4: Grundrechtsdogmatische Erfassung von Interdependenzen und Kumulationen
A. Anti-Stereotyping Approach und besondere Vulnerabilität
B. Zusammenwirken von Grundrechten: Konkurrenzen und Kombinationen
C. Strukturen adressieren: Additive Grundrechtseingriffe und Belastungskumulationen
D. Zusammenfassung: Kumulationen von Eingriffs- und Ungleichbehandlungsparametern
Kapitel 5: Mehrdimensionale Dogmatik der Gleichheitsrechte
A. Strukturäquivalenzen von Freiheits- und Gleichheitsrechten
B. Mehrdimensionale Prüfungsstruktur von Art. 3 Abs. 3 GG
Zusammenfassung in Thesen